20 November 2007
Dr. Smith
Room #267
4th Period (only)
World History II
Hand out Study Guides--Section 3 and Section 4--for Chapter 25 Test the first day back, Monday, after Thanksgiving break.
Chapter 25 Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Answer Ch. 25 Sec. 4
Checkpoint (s)
What factors undermined democracy in post-independence Latin America?
What struggles did Mexico go through as it tried to find stability in the 1800s?
How did foreign influence and investment affect Latin America?
How did the United States act as an imperialist power in Latin America?
Map
Imperialism in Latin America, 1898–1917
Map Skills
In the early 1900s, European powers held possessions in Latin America. The United States often intervened to protect business interests there.
1. Locate
(a) Cuba (b) Canal Zone (c) British Guiana (d) Honduras
2. Location
Why did the United States have a particularly strong interest in Latin American affairs?
3. Identify Point of View
What natural resources drew the Dutch to Dutch Guiana?
Home Work
Reading Skill: Recognize Multiple Causes
2. Use your completed charts to answer the Focus Question: How did Latin American nations struggle for stability, and how did industrialized nations affect them?
Critical Thinking and Comprehension
Express Problems Clearly
3. What problems faced new nations in Latin America?
Recognize Cause and Effect
4. How did the cycle of economic dependence continue after independence?
Synthesize Information
5. Describe two ways the United States influenced Latin America.
Draw Conclusions
6. Why might developing nations encourage foreign investment? Do you think foreign investors should have the right to intervene in another nation’s affairs to protect their investments? Explain.
Extra Credit
"Writing About History"
G. Mick Smith, PhD, Senior Educational Technology Executive: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gmicksmith/
Monday, November 19, 2007
An Article from Boston Globe (Scary)
Young people reading a lot less
Report laments the social costs
By David Mehegan, Globe Staff | November 19, 2007
We know what young people are doing more of: watching television, surfing the Web, listening to their iPods, talking on cellphones, and instant-messaging their friends. But a new report released today by the National Endowment for the Arts makes clear what they're doing a lot less of: reading.
The report - a 99-page compendium of more than 40 studies by universities, foundations, business groups, and government agencies since 2004 - paints a dire picture of plummeting levels of reading among young people over the past two decades. Among the findings:
Only 30 percent of 13-year-olds read almost every day.
The number of 17-year-olds who never read for pleasure increased from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004.
Almost half of Americans between ages 18 and 24 never read books for pleasure.
The average person between ages 15 and 24 spends 2 to 2 1/2 hours a day watching TV and 7 minutes reading.
"This is a massive social problem," NEA chairman Dana Gioia, said by phone from Washington. "We are losing the majority of the new generation. They will not achieve anything close to their potential because of poor reading."
It is not just the amount of reading. According to the report, reading ability has fallen as well. While scores have improved for 9-year-olds, they dropped sharply for 17-year-olds. Only about a third of high school seniors read at a proficient level, a 13 percent decline since 1992. "And proficiency is not a high standard," Gioia said. "We're not asking them to be able to read Proust in the original. We're talking about reading the daily newspaper."
Apparently, things are not much better among college students. In 2005, almost 40 percent of college freshmen (and 35 percent of seniors) read nothing at all for pleasure, and 26 percent (28 percent of seniors) read less than one hour per week. Even among college graduates, prose-reading proficiency declined from 40 percent in 1992 to 31 percent in 2003.
The report incorporates national studies that have been carried out since the NEA's 2004 report, "Reading at Risk," found that literary reading - fiction, poetry, and plays - had crashed over 20 years among adult Americans. The new report, titled "To Read or Not to Read: A Question of National Consequence," focuses on reading in general, and it reaches down to younger age levels. While not all studies are exactly comparable in some details (such as time spans), overall they trend in the same direction.
"We took information from so many sources, you would expect some results in the opposite direction," Gioia said. "But I was impressed and depressed at how consistent the information was on the general decline in reading and reading ability."
Changes in young people's reading habits have not escaped notice in the publishing and library fields.
"I'm not hearing of a dramatically big drop, but I would say the number of serious readers, the kids who used to come in and get 20 and 30 books - we're just not seeing that," said Caroline Ward, a children's librarian in Stamford, Conn., who is past president of the children's division of the American Library Association. "We see some, but fewer than we used to."
The report found that the more books there are in a young person's home, the higher the average scores in science, civics, and history, all reading-based subjects. The report notes that average annual household spending on books, adjusted for inflation, dropped 14 percent between 1985 and 2005, and that consumer book sales declined 6 percent from 2000 to 2006.
The report does not explain why youth reading has declined, but Gioia said he suspects three main reasons: "First, something is not happening in our educational system. Second, we are surrounded by nonstop media, but for the most part it does not acknowledge reading. When the media made a celebrity of J.K. Rowling, 10 million people bought her book. Oprah Winfrey put 'Anna Karenina' on the best-seller list. Third, our lives are completely cluttered with a million gadgets."
Indeed, the report suggests that multitasking is a factor. It found that more than half of middle and high school students use other media most or some of the time while reading, and that 20 percent of the time they spend reading they are also watching TV, playing video games, sending messages, or otherwise using a computer.
Besides plotting statistical trends, the report cites economic consequences. Seventy-two percent of employers rated high school graduates deficient in writing, and 38 percent cited reading deficiency. One out of five American workers reads at a lower level than necessary to do his or her job. Not surprisingly, proficient readers are more likely to attain management jobs and higher incomes.
Possibly the most striking finding is that, regardless of income, levels of reading for pleasure correlate closely with levels of social life, voting, and political activism, participation in culture and fine arts, volunteerism, charity work, and even regular exercise.
"The poorest Americans who read did twice as much volunteering and charity work as the richest who did not read," Gioia said. "The habit of regular reading awakens something inside a person that makes him or her take their own life more seriously and at the same time develops the sense that other people's lives are real."
That finding confirms previous studies, said Timothy Shanahan, an education professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago and past president of the International Reading Association. "If you're low in reading ability, not only would you not read the newspaper, but you won't watch news on TV or listen to it on radio," Shanahan said. "You're less likely to take part in activities like sports or church. Being low in literacy is self-isolating, tends to push you out of culture altogether."
Patricia S. Schroeder, president and chief executive of the Association of American Publishers, said part of the problem could be that adults can make children feel that reading is a duty. A common complaint she hears from children and young adults is that few books relate to their lives or interests. "Reading is not really easy," she said, "unless they get into something they want to read about."
David Mehegan can be reached at mehegan@globe.com.
© Copyright 2007 The New York Times Company
Report laments the social costs
By David Mehegan, Globe Staff | November 19, 2007
We know what young people are doing more of: watching television, surfing the Web, listening to their iPods, talking on cellphones, and instant-messaging their friends. But a new report released today by the National Endowment for the Arts makes clear what they're doing a lot less of: reading.
The report - a 99-page compendium of more than 40 studies by universities, foundations, business groups, and government agencies since 2004 - paints a dire picture of plummeting levels of reading among young people over the past two decades. Among the findings:
Only 30 percent of 13-year-olds read almost every day.
The number of 17-year-olds who never read for pleasure increased from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004.
Almost half of Americans between ages 18 and 24 never read books for pleasure.
The average person between ages 15 and 24 spends 2 to 2 1/2 hours a day watching TV and 7 minutes reading.
"This is a massive social problem," NEA chairman Dana Gioia, said by phone from Washington. "We are losing the majority of the new generation. They will not achieve anything close to their potential because of poor reading."
It is not just the amount of reading. According to the report, reading ability has fallen as well. While scores have improved for 9-year-olds, they dropped sharply for 17-year-olds. Only about a third of high school seniors read at a proficient level, a 13 percent decline since 1992. "And proficiency is not a high standard," Gioia said. "We're not asking them to be able to read Proust in the original. We're talking about reading the daily newspaper."
Apparently, things are not much better among college students. In 2005, almost 40 percent of college freshmen (and 35 percent of seniors) read nothing at all for pleasure, and 26 percent (28 percent of seniors) read less than one hour per week. Even among college graduates, prose-reading proficiency declined from 40 percent in 1992 to 31 percent in 2003.
The report incorporates national studies that have been carried out since the NEA's 2004 report, "Reading at Risk," found that literary reading - fiction, poetry, and plays - had crashed over 20 years among adult Americans. The new report, titled "To Read or Not to Read: A Question of National Consequence," focuses on reading in general, and it reaches down to younger age levels. While not all studies are exactly comparable in some details (such as time spans), overall they trend in the same direction.
"We took information from so many sources, you would expect some results in the opposite direction," Gioia said. "But I was impressed and depressed at how consistent the information was on the general decline in reading and reading ability."
Changes in young people's reading habits have not escaped notice in the publishing and library fields.
"I'm not hearing of a dramatically big drop, but I would say the number of serious readers, the kids who used to come in and get 20 and 30 books - we're just not seeing that," said Caroline Ward, a children's librarian in Stamford, Conn., who is past president of the children's division of the American Library Association. "We see some, but fewer than we used to."
The report found that the more books there are in a young person's home, the higher the average scores in science, civics, and history, all reading-based subjects. The report notes that average annual household spending on books, adjusted for inflation, dropped 14 percent between 1985 and 2005, and that consumer book sales declined 6 percent from 2000 to 2006.
The report does not explain why youth reading has declined, but Gioia said he suspects three main reasons: "First, something is not happening in our educational system. Second, we are surrounded by nonstop media, but for the most part it does not acknowledge reading. When the media made a celebrity of J.K. Rowling, 10 million people bought her book. Oprah Winfrey put 'Anna Karenina' on the best-seller list. Third, our lives are completely cluttered with a million gadgets."
Indeed, the report suggests that multitasking is a factor. It found that more than half of middle and high school students use other media most or some of the time while reading, and that 20 percent of the time they spend reading they are also watching TV, playing video games, sending messages, or otherwise using a computer.
Besides plotting statistical trends, the report cites economic consequences. Seventy-two percent of employers rated high school graduates deficient in writing, and 38 percent cited reading deficiency. One out of five American workers reads at a lower level than necessary to do his or her job. Not surprisingly, proficient readers are more likely to attain management jobs and higher incomes.
Possibly the most striking finding is that, regardless of income, levels of reading for pleasure correlate closely with levels of social life, voting, and political activism, participation in culture and fine arts, volunteerism, charity work, and even regular exercise.
"The poorest Americans who read did twice as much volunteering and charity work as the richest who did not read," Gioia said. "The habit of regular reading awakens something inside a person that makes him or her take their own life more seriously and at the same time develops the sense that other people's lives are real."
That finding confirms previous studies, said Timothy Shanahan, an education professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago and past president of the International Reading Association. "If you're low in reading ability, not only would you not read the newspaper, but you won't watch news on TV or listen to it on radio," Shanahan said. "You're less likely to take part in activities like sports or church. Being low in literacy is self-isolating, tends to push you out of culture altogether."
Patricia S. Schroeder, president and chief executive of the Association of American Publishers, said part of the problem could be that adults can make children feel that reading is a duty. A common complaint she hears from children and young adults is that few books relate to their lives or interests. "Reading is not really easy," she said, "unless they get into something they want to read about."
David Mehegan can be reached at mehegan@globe.com.
© Copyright 2007 The New York Times Company
Sunday, November 18, 2007
Chapter 25 New Global Patterns: 1800-1914
Chapter 25
New Global Patterns: 1800–1914
Section 1 Japan Modernizes
Terms, People, and Places
Matthew Perry
Tokyo
Meiji Restoration
Diet
zaibatsu
homogeneous society
First Sino-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
Note Taking
Checkpoint (s)
By the mid-1800s, why did so many groups of people in Japan feel discontented?
How did Japan react when it was forced to accept unequal treaties?
What changes did the reforms of the Meiji Restoration bring about in Japan?
Comparing Viewpoints
Colonization in Korea
The excerpts below present two different views of the effect of Japan’s control of Korea in the early 1900s.
Critical Thinking How do the two views on the results of colonization in Korea differ?
Positive Effects
Mining, fishery, and manufacturing have advanced. The bald mountains have been covered with young trees. Trade has increased by leaps and bounds. . . . Study what we are doing in Korea. . . . Japan is a steward on whom devolves [falls] the gigantic task of uplifting the Far East.
—Japanese academic Nitobe Inazo
Negative Effects
The result of annexation, brought about without any conference with the Korean people, is that the Japanese . . . by a false set of figures show a profit and loss account between us two peoples most untrue, digging a trench of everlasting resentment deeper and deeper. . . .
—From the Declaration of Korean Independence, 1919
Checkpoint
How did industrialization help start Japan on an imperialist course?
HW
2. Use your completed chart to answer the section Focus Question: How did Japan become a modern industrial power, and what did it do with its new strength? Hint
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
Identify Central Issues
3. What problems weakened shogun rule in Japan in the mid-1800s?
Recognize Causes
4. What caused Japan to end over 200 years of seclusion?
Draw Conclusions
5. List three ways in which Japan modernized. Explain how each of these actions helped strengthen Japan so it could resist Western pressure.
Connect to Geography
6. Why was control of Korea desirable to both China and Japan?
EC
"Writing About History"
Section 2 Imperialism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Objectives
Terms, People, and Places
French Indochina
Mongkut
Spanish-American War
Liliuokalani
Note Taking
Checkpoint (s)
How did the Burmese and the Vietnamese respond to attempts to colonize them?
How did the United States gain control of the Philippines?
Why did some Americans think the United States should control Hawaii?
Map Skills
Spices first attracted Europeans to Southeast Asia. Later, the Industrial Revolution encouraged the search for raw materials and new markets.
1. Locate
(a) the Dutch East Indies (b) French Indochina (c) Siam (d) the Philippines
2. Regions
Which Europeans claimed territory on the mainland?
3. Draw Inferences
According to the map, which Europeans controlled the widest variety of resources?
HW
Reading Strategy: Identify Causes and Effects
2. Use your completed chart to answer the Focus Question: How did industrialized powers divide up Southeast Asia, and how did the colonized peoples react?
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
Summarize
3. What steps did Siam take to preserve its independence?
Draw Conclusions
4. Why were Filipino rebels disappointed when the United States took control of the Philippines?
Synthesize Information
5. How did Hawaii become part of the United States?
Make Comparisons
6. Compare the partition of Southeast Asia to the partition of Africa. How was it similar? How was it different?
EC
"Writing About History"
Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
Objectives
Terms, People, and Places
confederation
dominion
métis
indigenous
penal colony
Maori
Note Taking
Checkpoint (s)
How did the British respond to the Canadians’ desire for self-rule?
What effect did colonization have on Australia’s indigenous population?
Compare and contrast the European settlement of Australia and New Zealand.
Map Skills
Canada grew throughout the latter half of the 1800s.
1. Locate:
(a) Quebec (b) Ontario (c) British Columbia (d) Saskatchewan
2. Movement
Why did British Columbia become a part of Canada before Alberta and Saskatchewan?
3. Make Comparisons
Compare Nova Scotia’s natural resources to those of Manitoba.
Map Skills
British settlement in Australia started with penal settlements on both coasts and slowly spread into the interior of the continent.
1. Locate
(a) Simpson Desert (b) Great Sandy Desert (c) Sydney (d) Perth.
2. Regions
What physical features probably slowed British settlement of Australia’s interior?
3. Draw Inferences
What types of economic activity do you think took place in the area of Australia that was settled by Europeans between 1831 and 1875?
HW
Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects
2. Use your completed chart to answer the Focus Question: How were the British colonies of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand settled and how did they win self-rule?
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
Sequence
3. What steps led to Canadian self-rule?
Compare
4. Compare the European settlement of Australia with that of Canada.
Identify Causes
5. Why did the Maori fight colonists in New Zealand?
Synthesize Information
6. What ethnic tensions did Australia, Canada, and New Zealand face?
EC
"Writing About History"
Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Objectives
Terms, People, and Places
regionalism
caudillo
Benito Juárez
La Reforma
peonage
Monroe Doctrine
Panama Canal
Note Taking
Checkpoint (s)
What factors undermined democracy in post-independence Latin America?
What struggles did Mexico go through as it tried to find stability in the 1800s?
How did foreign influence and investment affect Latin America?
How did the United States act as an imperialist power in Latin America?
Map
Imperialism in Latin America, 1898–1917
Map Skills
In the early 1900s, European powers held possessions in Latin America. The United States often intervened to protect business interests there.
1. Locate
(a) Cuba (b) Canal Zone (c) British Guiana (d) Honduras
2. Location
Why did the United States have a particularly strong interest in Latin American affairs?
3. Identify Point of View
What natural resources drew the Dutch to Dutch Guiana?
HW
Reading Skill: Recognize Multiple Causes
2. Use your completed charts to answer the Focus Question: How did Latin American nations struggle for stability, and how did industrialized nations affect them?
Critical Thinking and Comprehension
Express Problems Clearly
3. What problems faced new nations in Latin America?
Recognize Cause and Effect
4. How did the cycle of economic dependence continue after independence?
Synthesize Information
5. Describe two ways the United States influenced Latin America.
Draw Conclusions
6. Why might developing nations encourage foreign investment? Do you think foreign investors should have the right to intervene in another nation’s affairs to protect their investments? Explain.
EC
"Writing About History"
New Global Patterns: 1800–1914
Section 1 Japan Modernizes
Terms, People, and Places
Matthew Perry
Tokyo
Meiji Restoration
Diet
zaibatsu
homogeneous society
First Sino-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
Note Taking
Checkpoint (s)
By the mid-1800s, why did so many groups of people in Japan feel discontented?
How did Japan react when it was forced to accept unequal treaties?
What changes did the reforms of the Meiji Restoration bring about in Japan?
Comparing Viewpoints
Colonization in Korea
The excerpts below present two different views of the effect of Japan’s control of Korea in the early 1900s.
Critical Thinking How do the two views on the results of colonization in Korea differ?
Positive Effects
Mining, fishery, and manufacturing have advanced. The bald mountains have been covered with young trees. Trade has increased by leaps and bounds. . . . Study what we are doing in Korea. . . . Japan is a steward on whom devolves [falls] the gigantic task of uplifting the Far East.
—Japanese academic Nitobe Inazo
Negative Effects
The result of annexation, brought about without any conference with the Korean people, is that the Japanese . . . by a false set of figures show a profit and loss account between us two peoples most untrue, digging a trench of everlasting resentment deeper and deeper. . . .
—From the Declaration of Korean Independence, 1919
Checkpoint
How did industrialization help start Japan on an imperialist course?
HW
2. Use your completed chart to answer the section Focus Question: How did Japan become a modern industrial power, and what did it do with its new strength? Hint
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
Identify Central Issues
3. What problems weakened shogun rule in Japan in the mid-1800s?
Recognize Causes
4. What caused Japan to end over 200 years of seclusion?
Draw Conclusions
5. List three ways in which Japan modernized. Explain how each of these actions helped strengthen Japan so it could resist Western pressure.
Connect to Geography
6. Why was control of Korea desirable to both China and Japan?
EC
"Writing About History"
Section 2 Imperialism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Objectives
Terms, People, and Places
French Indochina
Mongkut
Spanish-American War
Liliuokalani
Note Taking
Checkpoint (s)
How did the Burmese and the Vietnamese respond to attempts to colonize them?
How did the United States gain control of the Philippines?
Why did some Americans think the United States should control Hawaii?
Map Skills
Spices first attracted Europeans to Southeast Asia. Later, the Industrial Revolution encouraged the search for raw materials and new markets.
1. Locate
(a) the Dutch East Indies (b) French Indochina (c) Siam (d) the Philippines
2. Regions
Which Europeans claimed territory on the mainland?
3. Draw Inferences
According to the map, which Europeans controlled the widest variety of resources?
HW
Reading Strategy: Identify Causes and Effects
2. Use your completed chart to answer the Focus Question: How did industrialized powers divide up Southeast Asia, and how did the colonized peoples react?
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
Summarize
3. What steps did Siam take to preserve its independence?
Draw Conclusions
4. Why were Filipino rebels disappointed when the United States took control of the Philippines?
Synthesize Information
5. How did Hawaii become part of the United States?
Make Comparisons
6. Compare the partition of Southeast Asia to the partition of Africa. How was it similar? How was it different?
EC
"Writing About History"
Section 3 Self-Rule for Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
Objectives
Terms, People, and Places
confederation
dominion
métis
indigenous
penal colony
Maori
Note Taking
Checkpoint (s)
How did the British respond to the Canadians’ desire for self-rule?
What effect did colonization have on Australia’s indigenous population?
Compare and contrast the European settlement of Australia and New Zealand.
Map Skills
Canada grew throughout the latter half of the 1800s.
1. Locate:
(a) Quebec (b) Ontario (c) British Columbia (d) Saskatchewan
2. Movement
Why did British Columbia become a part of Canada before Alberta and Saskatchewan?
3. Make Comparisons
Compare Nova Scotia’s natural resources to those of Manitoba.
Map Skills
British settlement in Australia started with penal settlements on both coasts and slowly spread into the interior of the continent.
1. Locate
(a) Simpson Desert (b) Great Sandy Desert (c) Sydney (d) Perth.
2. Regions
What physical features probably slowed British settlement of Australia’s interior?
3. Draw Inferences
What types of economic activity do you think took place in the area of Australia that was settled by Europeans between 1831 and 1875?
HW
Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects
2. Use your completed chart to answer the Focus Question: How were the British colonies of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand settled and how did they win self-rule?
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
Sequence
3. What steps led to Canadian self-rule?
Compare
4. Compare the European settlement of Australia with that of Canada.
Identify Causes
5. Why did the Maori fight colonists in New Zealand?
Synthesize Information
6. What ethnic tensions did Australia, Canada, and New Zealand face?
EC
"Writing About History"
Section 4 Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Objectives
Terms, People, and Places
regionalism
caudillo
Benito Juárez
La Reforma
peonage
Monroe Doctrine
Panama Canal
Note Taking
Checkpoint (s)
What factors undermined democracy in post-independence Latin America?
What struggles did Mexico go through as it tried to find stability in the 1800s?
How did foreign influence and investment affect Latin America?
How did the United States act as an imperialist power in Latin America?
Map
Imperialism in Latin America, 1898–1917
Map Skills
In the early 1900s, European powers held possessions in Latin America. The United States often intervened to protect business interests there.
1. Locate
(a) Cuba (b) Canal Zone (c) British Guiana (d) Honduras
2. Location
Why did the United States have a particularly strong interest in Latin American affairs?
3. Identify Point of View
What natural resources drew the Dutch to Dutch Guiana?
HW
Reading Skill: Recognize Multiple Causes
2. Use your completed charts to answer the Focus Question: How did Latin American nations struggle for stability, and how did industrialized nations affect them?
Critical Thinking and Comprehension
Express Problems Clearly
3. What problems faced new nations in Latin America?
Recognize Cause and Effect
4. How did the cycle of economic dependence continue after independence?
Synthesize Information
5. Describe two ways the United States influenced Latin America.
Draw Conclusions
6. Why might developing nations encourage foreign investment? Do you think foreign investors should have the right to intervene in another nation’s affairs to protect their investments? Explain.
EC
"Writing About History"
Friday, November 16, 2007
Awesome interactive sites for students and learners
Jimmy has an interesting video with awesome interactive sites for students and learners.
Catholic Identity
Catholic Identity and Latin America: Who Was Oscar Romero?
Catholic Identity and New Zealand
A New Zealand Catholic convert was jailed since he did not possess the proper immigration papers but he refused to return to his native Iran because he feared persecution.
Catholic Identity and
Vietnam
Catholic Identity and the history of the Church in China
Catholic Identity and the history of the Church in
India
Catholic Identity and Genocide
Catholic Identity and schools in America
Historical Sketch of Catholic Schools
Catholic Identity and Zionism
This is an article describing how a Cardinal endorses Zionism.
Catholic Identity and 19th Century England
In particular, you may have an interest in Newman Clubs and John Henry Newman. Newman was an Anglican who converted to Roman Catholicism in what has been identified as the Oxford Movement.
Catholic Identity and Russia
The East-West Schism, or Great Schism, divided Chalcedonian Christianity into Western (Latin) and Eastern (Greek) branches, i.e. Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Though normally dated to 1054, the East-West Schism was actually the result of an extended period of estrangement between Latin and Greek Christendom. The primary causes of the Schism were disputes over papal authority—Pope Leo IX claimed he held authority over the four Eastern patriarchs—and over the insertion of the filioque clause into the Nicene Creed by the Western Church. Eastern Orthodox today claim that the primacy of the Patriarch of Rome was only honorary, and that he has authority only over his own diocese and does not have the authority to change the decisions of Ecumenical Councils. There were other, less significant catalysts for the Schism, including variance over liturgical practices and conflicting claims of jurisdiction. Cf. Great Schism.
In Christian theology the filioque clause (filioque meaning "and [from] the son" in Latin) is a heavily disputed clause added to the Nicene Creed, that forms a divisive difference in particular between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In the place where the original Nicene Creed reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father", the amended version reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father and the Son". The addition is accepted by Roman Catholic Christians but rejected by Eastern Orthodox Christians. Many Eastern Catholic churches do not use the clause in their creed, but profess the doctrine it represents, as it is a dogma of the Roman Catholic faith. Insofar as Protestant churches take a position on the doctrine, acceptance of the filioque is normative. The clause is most often referred to as "the filioque" or simply filioque.
Cf. Filioque Clause.
Balkan Nationalism and
Mother Teresa and her teachings are good subjects to research.
Loyalty to Religion or Nationalism
John F. Kennedy's speech in Houston to Protestant Ministers. The speech focuses on the issue of Catholic identity and religious loyalty.
FAQ; How Do I Print Materials for Dr. Smith's Classes?
How do I print materials for Dr. Smith's classes? How do I ensure that the unnecessary background material is not printed?
NB:
For all of Dr. Smith's classes, to print from the class blog or any materials for my course:
1. Do not use Word or other coding-intensive word processing program. If you use Word all of the unnecessary background data
is printed as well. You don't need the extra material to print as it is wasteful.
2. Cut and paste using Notepad or another similar program.
3. Go to "Start," a list of programs should pop up.
4. Click on "Accessories" and find "Notepad," and open this program.
5. Highlight the text from the blog that you want copied, by right-clicking on the text--e.g., you may need a Vocabulary list
if a hard copy is not available, then, cut and paste the text into Notepad to print.
NB:
For all of Dr. Smith's classes, to print from the class blog or any materials for my course:
1. Do not use Word or other coding-intensive word processing program. If you use Word all of the unnecessary background data
is printed as well. You don't need the extra material to print as it is wasteful.
2. Cut and paste using Notepad or another similar program.
3. Go to "Start," a list of programs should pop up.
4. Click on "Accessories" and find "Notepad," and open this program.
5. Highlight the text from the blog that you want copied, by right-clicking on the text--e.g., you may need a Vocabulary list
if a hard copy is not available, then, cut and paste the text into Notepad to print.
Wednesday, November 14, 2007
EC: Seedwiki Ch. 25
Priority List of Edits Needed:
Chapter 25 New Global Patterns: 1800–1914
No one has even begun Ch. 25.
Chapter 25 New Global Patterns: 1800–1914
No one has even begun Ch. 25.
Vocabulary: "Causes of World War I" video
"Causes of World War I"
Video Vocabulary
NAME:
Period:
1. "Rube Goldberg"
2. Archduke
3. testimony
4. Sarajevo
5. Franz Ferdinand
6. motorcade
7. Austro-Hungarian Empire
8. Serbia
9. embroiled
10. dynasty
11. toppled
12. czar
13. Slavs
14. revolution
15. humiliation
16. status
17. colonial
18. turmoil
19. democracy
20. assassination
21. alliances
22. arms race
23. competition
24. raw materials
25. nationalism
26. imperialism
27. industrialization
28. patriotism
29. noble
30. sentiment
31. patchwork
32. squabbled
33. negotiated
34. peasants
35. bedrock
36. stability
37. continental
38. economic
39. mercantilism
40. prosperous
41. middle-class
42. social structure
43. representatives
44. Garibaldi
45. central government
46. mass education
47. national identity
48. nation-state
49. pious
50. mythology
51. Alsace-Lorraine
52. Victor Hugo
53. Balkan Peninsula
54. Bosnia
55. Herzogovina
56. Yugoslavia
57. Gavrilo Princeps
58. "Black Hand"
59. socialism
60. capitalism
61. fervor
62. reservoir
63. efficiency
64. domination
65. rivalry
66. manufacturing
67. British East India Company
68. Manchu Dynasty
69. lucrative
70. spheres of influence
71. "the sun never set on the British Empire"
72. monopolize
73. palatial
74. skirmishes
75. Russo-Japanese War
76. balance of power
77. inferiority
78. yearned
79. ambitious
80. reverence
81. arsenal
82. notorious
83. autocracy
84. splendid isolation
85. agitation
86. Hungarians
87. mobilization
88. inevitable
89. totalitarian
90. repercussion
91. plantation
92. Ceylon
93. civilization
94. administration
95. Rudyard Kipling
96. "White Man's Burden"
Video Vocabulary
NAME:
Period:
1. "Rube Goldberg"
2. Archduke
3. testimony
4. Sarajevo
5. Franz Ferdinand
6. motorcade
7. Austro-Hungarian Empire
8. Serbia
9. embroiled
10. dynasty
11. toppled
12. czar
13. Slavs
14. revolution
15. humiliation
16. status
17. colonial
18. turmoil
19. democracy
20. assassination
21. alliances
22. arms race
23. competition
24. raw materials
25. nationalism
26. imperialism
27. industrialization
28. patriotism
29. noble
30. sentiment
31. patchwork
32. squabbled
33. negotiated
34. peasants
35. bedrock
36. stability
37. continental
38. economic
39. mercantilism
40. prosperous
41. middle-class
42. social structure
43. representatives
44. Garibaldi
45. central government
46. mass education
47. national identity
48. nation-state
49. pious
50. mythology
51. Alsace-Lorraine
52. Victor Hugo
53. Balkan Peninsula
54. Bosnia
55. Herzogovina
56. Yugoslavia
57. Gavrilo Princeps
58. "Black Hand"
59. socialism
60. capitalism
61. fervor
62. reservoir
63. efficiency
64. domination
65. rivalry
66. manufacturing
67. British East India Company
68. Manchu Dynasty
69. lucrative
70. spheres of influence
71. "the sun never set on the British Empire"
72. monopolize
73. palatial
74. skirmishes
75. Russo-Japanese War
76. balance of power
77. inferiority
78. yearned
79. ambitious
80. reverence
81. arsenal
82. notorious
83. autocracy
84. splendid isolation
85. agitation
86. Hungarians
87. mobilization
88. inevitable
89. totalitarian
90. repercussion
91. plantation
92. Ceylon
93. civilization
94. administration
95. Rudyard Kipling
96. "White Man's Burden"
Tuesday, November 13, 2007
Monday, November 12, 2007
Vocabulary: Jason Evert
Vocabulary: Jason Evert
Name:
Period:
1. Grand Canyon
2. manipulate
3. condemnation
4. morality
5. genitals
6. virgin
7. Ephesians
8. holy
9. scourging
10. Shroud of Turin
11. woven
12. cross-beam
13. pierce
14. pornography
15. emasculate
16. Maxim
17. air-brushed
18. computer generated
19. CDC
20. leprosy
21. Vogue
22. modesty
23. mu-mu
24. radiant
25. dignity
26. gentleman
27. lady
28. purity
29. concussion
30. submission
31. conscience
32. prude
33. respect
34. 4-D
35. estrogen
36. STDs
37. fertility
38. Mayo Clinic
39. injection
40. veterinarian
41. hormonal
42. uterus
43. conceive
44. PDR
45. herpes
46. asymptomatic
47. gonorrhea
48. HPV
49. cervical
50. vaccine
51. NIH
52. patriot
53. veil
54. CSI
55. breed
56. Proverbs
57. slack
58. eBay
59. random
60. allergy
61. eczema
62. Chlamydia
63. Depo-Provera
64. Armenia
Name:
Period:
1. Grand Canyon
2. manipulate
3. condemnation
4. morality
5. genitals
6. virgin
7. Ephesians
8. holy
9. scourging
10. Shroud of Turin
11. woven
12. cross-beam
13. pierce
14. pornography
15. emasculate
16. Maxim
17. air-brushed
18. computer generated
19. CDC
20. leprosy
21. Vogue
22. modesty
23. mu-mu
24. radiant
25. dignity
26. gentleman
27. lady
28. purity
29. concussion
30. submission
31. conscience
32. prude
33. respect
34. 4-D
35. estrogen
36. STDs
37. fertility
38. Mayo Clinic
39. injection
40. veterinarian
41. hormonal
42. uterus
43. conceive
44. PDR
45. herpes
46. asymptomatic
47. gonorrhea
48. HPV
49. cervical
50. vaccine
51. NIH
52. patriot
53. veil
54. CSI
55. breed
56. Proverbs
57. slack
58. eBay
59. random
60. allergy
61. eczema
62. Chlamydia
63. Depo-Provera
64. Armenia
Friday, November 09, 2007
Alicia Keys
Have you seen Alicia Keys? Blogs can be useful for finding out information. Here is something you may not have seen.
Wednesday, November 07, 2007
EC: Hunger Strike in Britain
Abu Hamza in 'jail food protest'
Radical Muslim cleric Abu Hamza and other inmates at Belmarsh prison have refused to eat their lunch in a protest at the jail's high security wing.
The Home Office said 22 of the 25 prisoners in the unit had taken part in the action, but all intend to eat normally on Wednesday.
A spokesman said they had refused food on the grounds of its quality.
Abu Hamza's lawyer claimed the men were not being properly fed and were having to pay for food to sustain themselves.
Muddassar Arani, who described the incident as a "hunger strike", said the other protesters included the men awaiting trial over the attempted bombings of London's transport network on 21 July.
But the Home Office rejected her claims that the protest began after bread was "thrown across a dirty table" at an inmate.
A spokesman said the men refused to eat on the grounds that the food was "not up to the usual standard".
Tuesday is the day when all inmates at the south London prison receive food they have bought with their own money, he added.
Abu Hamza was sentenced to seven years imprisonment at the Old Bailey in February for inciting murder and racial hatred.
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/uk/4806820.stm
Published: 2006/03/14 18:44:53 GMT
© BBC MMVII
Radical Muslim cleric Abu Hamza and other inmates at Belmarsh prison have refused to eat their lunch in a protest at the jail's high security wing.
The Home Office said 22 of the 25 prisoners in the unit had taken part in the action, but all intend to eat normally on Wednesday.
A spokesman said they had refused food on the grounds of its quality.
Abu Hamza's lawyer claimed the men were not being properly fed and were having to pay for food to sustain themselves.
Muddassar Arani, who described the incident as a "hunger strike", said the other protesters included the men awaiting trial over the attempted bombings of London's transport network on 21 July.
But the Home Office rejected her claims that the protest began after bread was "thrown across a dirty table" at an inmate.
A spokesman said the men refused to eat on the grounds that the food was "not up to the usual standard".
Tuesday is the day when all inmates at the south London prison receive food they have bought with their own money, he added.
Abu Hamza was sentenced to seven years imprisonment at the Old Bailey in February for inciting murder and racial hatred.
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/uk/4806820.stm
Published: 2006/03/14 18:44:53 GMT
© BBC MMVII
Tuesday, November 06, 2007
"Vote for Me: Politics in America" video vocabulary
"Vote for Me: Politics in America" video vocabulary
Name: __________________________________________________________
Period: _________________
1. Oliver "Ollie" North
2. Newt Gingrich
3. Ray Charles
4. tenacity
5. pundits
6. precinct
7. invariably
8. ego
9. jaded
10. "happy warrior"
11. rolodex
12. Dennis Kucinich
13. strategy
14. Barney Frank
15. apathetic
16. Founding Fathers
17. alderman
18. Guiness
19. ward
20. city council
21. antiquated
22. initially
23. gamma rays
24. tangible
25. Jehovah's Witnesses
26. intimidate
27. argumentative
28. ethnic
29. prediction
30. Tip O'Neil
31. C.I.A.
32. CEO
33. shamrock
34. "riding coat tails"
35. precinct captain
36. journalist
37. Sammy Davis Jr.
38. Richard Daley
39. Fiorello La Guardia
40. "press the flesh"
41. Mario Cuomo
42. Magical Mystery Tour
43. "whistle stop tour"
44. Harry S. Truman
45. unconventional
46. ritual
47. plaza
48. marketable commodity
49. mystical
50. Ann Richards
51. "forced march"
52. constituents
53. pollster
54. Lincoln-Douglas Debate
55. slaughterhouse
56. "graveyard shift"
57. Odyysey
58. maniacal
59. union
60. Willie Horton
61. Nazi
62. "court stacking"
63. "kike" (bear in mind this is considered an offensive word, i.e., slang)
64. pornography
65. Jefferson
66. Adams
67. pictorially
68. chastity
69. French Revolution
70. Terminator
71. "tax & spend" candidate
72. surrogate
73. ironic
74. Lyn Nofziger
75. Federalist Party
Name: __________________________________________________________
Period: _________________
1. Oliver "Ollie" North
2. Newt Gingrich
3. Ray Charles
4. tenacity
5. pundits
6. precinct
7. invariably
8. ego
9. jaded
10. "happy warrior"
11. rolodex
12. Dennis Kucinich
13. strategy
14. Barney Frank
15. apathetic
16. Founding Fathers
17. alderman
18. Guiness
19. ward
20. city council
21. antiquated
22. initially
23. gamma rays
24. tangible
25. Jehovah's Witnesses
26. intimidate
27. argumentative
28. ethnic
29. prediction
30. Tip O'Neil
31. C.I.A.
32. CEO
33. shamrock
34. "riding coat tails"
35. precinct captain
36. journalist
37. Sammy Davis Jr.
38. Richard Daley
39. Fiorello La Guardia
40. "press the flesh"
41. Mario Cuomo
42. Magical Mystery Tour
43. "whistle stop tour"
44. Harry S. Truman
45. unconventional
46. ritual
47. plaza
48. marketable commodity
49. mystical
50. Ann Richards
51. "forced march"
52. constituents
53. pollster
54. Lincoln-Douglas Debate
55. slaughterhouse
56. "graveyard shift"
57. Odyysey
58. maniacal
59. union
60. Willie Horton
61. Nazi
62. "court stacking"
63. "kike" (bear in mind this is considered an offensive word, i.e., slang)
64. pornography
65. Jefferson
66. Adams
67. pictorially
68. chastity
69. French Revolution
70. Terminator
71. "tax & spend" candidate
72. surrogate
73. ironic
74. Lyn Nofziger
75. Federalist Party
Mid-Term Assessment Answer
What alternative policy could the British have adopted toward Ireland in
the 1800s?
The British could have allowed home rule. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all established home rule and were much happier and prosperous as a result. Ireland never was allowed any such freedom. They suffered under British oppression as a result. The Irish were starving in the Great Potato Famine, homes were being foreclosed, many were forced to emigrate, yet, England never relented. With home rule for Ireland, England would have enjoyed a loyal subject, yet, one that was based on more democratic principles, and a more equitable economic union.
the 1800s?
The British could have allowed home rule. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all established home rule and were much happier and prosperous as a result. Ireland never was allowed any such freedom. They suffered under British oppression as a result. The Irish were starving in the Great Potato Famine, homes were being foreclosed, many were forced to emigrate, yet, England never relented. With home rule for Ireland, England would have enjoyed a loyal subject, yet, one that was based on more democratic principles, and a more equitable economic union.
Monday, November 05, 2007
Election Day Questions, 6 November 2007, World History II, Dr. Smith
Election Day Questions, 6 November 2007, World History II, Dr. Smith
Name: _________________________________________________________
Period: _____________
Questions to ask the voters:
What, in your opinion, is the biggest issue in American politics today?
What, in your opinion, is the biggest issue in Philadelphia politics today?
What other political issues, that you have not stated, are important to consider when voting?
Who do you think you will vote for in the 2008 Presidential election?
Why is voting important to you?
Questions to ask the Poll workers:
What "Third Parties," in addition to the Democrats and the Republicans, are on the PA ballot in this election?
How old does a person have to be in order to vote?
How would I find out where to vote?
How is the polling place an example of a "secret ballot?"
Questions to ask yourself:
What party do you think you will register for when you are old enough to vote?
What, in your opinion, is the biggest issue in American politics today?
What, in your opinion, is the biggest issue in Philadelphia politics today?
Who do you think you would vote for, or would vote for if you are old enough, in the 2008 Presidential election?
How long will it be--years, months, days--before you can register to vote?
Why is voting important?
Name: _________________________________________________________
Period: _____________
Questions to ask the voters:
What, in your opinion, is the biggest issue in American politics today?
What, in your opinion, is the biggest issue in Philadelphia politics today?
What other political issues, that you have not stated, are important to consider when voting?
Who do you think you will vote for in the 2008 Presidential election?
Why is voting important to you?
Questions to ask the Poll workers:
What "Third Parties," in addition to the Democrats and the Republicans, are on the PA ballot in this election?
How old does a person have to be in order to vote?
How would I find out where to vote?
How is the polling place an example of a "secret ballot?"
Questions to ask yourself:
What party do you think you will register for when you are old enough to vote?
What, in your opinion, is the biggest issue in American politics today?
What, in your opinion, is the biggest issue in Philadelphia politics today?
Who do you think you would vote for, or would vote for if you are old enough, in the 2008 Presidential election?
How long will it be--years, months, days--before you can register to vote?
Why is voting important?
Sunday, November 04, 2007
EC: Nationalism
Russian Nationalists March in Moscow
By MANSUR MIROVALEV
Associated Press Writer
MOSCOW - A white supremacist from Texas lifted his black cowboy hat into the air as he stepped forward to address thousands of Russian nationalists at a rally Sunday in Moscow.
"I'm taking my hat off as a sign of respect for your strong identity in ethnicity, nation and race," said Preston Wiginton, 43, exposing his close-cropped head to a freezing drizzle.
"Glory to Russia," he said in broken Russian, as the crowd of mostly young Russian men raised their right hands in a Nazi salute and chanted "white power!" in English.
About 5,000 nationalists turned out for the Russian March, held for the third year on National Unity Day, a holiday the Kremlin created in 2005 to replace the traditional Nov. 7 celebration of the 1917 Bolshevik rise to power.
The Kremlin has tried to give the holiday historical significance by tying it to the 1612 expulsion of Polish and Cossack troops who briefly seized Moscow at a time of political disarray.
But extreme nationalists have seized on the holiday, reflecting a rise in xenophobia. More than 50 people have been killed and 400 injured in ethnically motivated attacks this year, according to the Sova rights center.
Rights activists say the extreme nationalist sentiments are a natural outgrowth of the Kremlin's attempts to rebuild a strong Russian state.
President Vladimir Putin, who celebrated Sunday's holiday by laying flowers at the monument to Moscow's 17th century liberators, told the military cadets and pro-Kremlin youth group members who accompanied him that there are people in the world seeking to split Russia and divide up its natural resource wealth.
"Some believe that we are too lucky to possess so much natural wealth, which they say must be divided," Putin said, speaking near the monument on Red Square. "These people have lost their mind," he added with a smile.
Pro-Kremlin youth groups and the liberal Yabloko party also held rallies Sunday, in part to counter the nationalist march.
"This holiday is a gift for the most reactionary and dangerous group - the nationalists," Yabloko deputy chairman Sergei Mitrokhin told a crowd of about 1,500.
Thousands of pro-Kremlin youth activists marched through central Moscow and gathered near Red Square to sew together a "blanket of peace," symbolizing harmony among Russia's numerous ethnic groups.
The nationalists, who were kept away from the city center, marched along an embankment of the Moscow River to a small square, waving banners that read "Russians, stand up," "Russian order or war," and "Tolerance is AIDS."
What united the marchers was their opposition to nonwhite migrants from the Caucasus and Central Asia.
"Russia will be white," said Alexander Belov, leader of the Movement Against Illegal Migration. His last name, based on the Russian word for "white," is a nom de guerre.
"Our ultimate goal is our race and nation. Nation above all," he said, rephrasing the Nazi slogan "Germany above all."
A top immigration official down played the significance of the Russian Marches.
"This is just an outbreak of national identity feelings, which is noticeable worldwide, and it has affected Russia too," said Vyacheslav Postavnin, deputy director of the Federal Migration Service, the Interfax news agency reported.
In the first Russian March in 2005, thousands marched through central Moscow, some shouting "Heil Hitler." The march horrified many Muscovites, and the following year it was blocked by police.
"The first Russian March was unexpected good luck, the second one was about overcoming the resistance of the authorities, and the third one is already a new Russian tradition," said Konstantin Krylov of the nationalist Russian Social Movement.
City authorities approved Sunday's march but ordered it held on the river embankment away from the city center. Hundreds of police lined the route.
Nationalist marches also were held in other Russian cities.
In St. Petersburg, about 500 people rallied at Revolution Square in front of the Winter Palace. Police detained 12 men who attempted to break into a Chinese restaurant, the Regnum news agency reported.
____
Associated Press writer Bagila Bukharbayeva contributed to this report
By MANSUR MIROVALEV
Associated Press Writer
MOSCOW - A white supremacist from Texas lifted his black cowboy hat into the air as he stepped forward to address thousands of Russian nationalists at a rally Sunday in Moscow.
"I'm taking my hat off as a sign of respect for your strong identity in ethnicity, nation and race," said Preston Wiginton, 43, exposing his close-cropped head to a freezing drizzle.
"Glory to Russia," he said in broken Russian, as the crowd of mostly young Russian men raised their right hands in a Nazi salute and chanted "white power!" in English.
About 5,000 nationalists turned out for the Russian March, held for the third year on National Unity Day, a holiday the Kremlin created in 2005 to replace the traditional Nov. 7 celebration of the 1917 Bolshevik rise to power.
The Kremlin has tried to give the holiday historical significance by tying it to the 1612 expulsion of Polish and Cossack troops who briefly seized Moscow at a time of political disarray.
But extreme nationalists have seized on the holiday, reflecting a rise in xenophobia. More than 50 people have been killed and 400 injured in ethnically motivated attacks this year, according to the Sova rights center.
Rights activists say the extreme nationalist sentiments are a natural outgrowth of the Kremlin's attempts to rebuild a strong Russian state.
President Vladimir Putin, who celebrated Sunday's holiday by laying flowers at the monument to Moscow's 17th century liberators, told the military cadets and pro-Kremlin youth group members who accompanied him that there are people in the world seeking to split Russia and divide up its natural resource wealth.
"Some believe that we are too lucky to possess so much natural wealth, which they say must be divided," Putin said, speaking near the monument on Red Square. "These people have lost their mind," he added with a smile.
Pro-Kremlin youth groups and the liberal Yabloko party also held rallies Sunday, in part to counter the nationalist march.
"This holiday is a gift for the most reactionary and dangerous group - the nationalists," Yabloko deputy chairman Sergei Mitrokhin told a crowd of about 1,500.
Thousands of pro-Kremlin youth activists marched through central Moscow and gathered near Red Square to sew together a "blanket of peace," symbolizing harmony among Russia's numerous ethnic groups.
The nationalists, who were kept away from the city center, marched along an embankment of the Moscow River to a small square, waving banners that read "Russians, stand up," "Russian order or war," and "Tolerance is AIDS."
What united the marchers was their opposition to nonwhite migrants from the Caucasus and Central Asia.
"Russia will be white," said Alexander Belov, leader of the Movement Against Illegal Migration. His last name, based on the Russian word for "white," is a nom de guerre.
"Our ultimate goal is our race and nation. Nation above all," he said, rephrasing the Nazi slogan "Germany above all."
A top immigration official down played the significance of the Russian Marches.
"This is just an outbreak of national identity feelings, which is noticeable worldwide, and it has affected Russia too," said Vyacheslav Postavnin, deputy director of the Federal Migration Service, the Interfax news agency reported.
In the first Russian March in 2005, thousands marched through central Moscow, some shouting "Heil Hitler." The march horrified many Muscovites, and the following year it was blocked by police.
"The first Russian March was unexpected good luck, the second one was about overcoming the resistance of the authorities, and the third one is already a new Russian tradition," said Konstantin Krylov of the nationalist Russian Social Movement.
City authorities approved Sunday's march but ordered it held on the river embankment away from the city center. Hundreds of police lined the route.
Nationalist marches also were held in other Russian cities.
In St. Petersburg, about 500 people rallied at Revolution Square in front of the Winter Palace. Police detained 12 men who attempted to break into a Chinese restaurant, the Regnum news agency reported.
____
Associated Press writer Bagila Bukharbayeva contributed to this report
EC: Immigration
11/04/2007 17:56:36 EST
Italians Urge Expulsion of Immigrants
By FRANCES D'EMILIO
Associated Press Writer
ROME - Opposition leader Silvio Berlusconi urged Italy to close its borders to Romanian workers and a conservative ally called Sunday for the expulsion of tens of thousands of immigrants amid public outrage over a wave of violent crimes blamed on foreigners.
Pope Benedict XVI added his voice to the debate over the balance between citizen safety and treatment of foreigners, reminding authorities that immigrants have both obligations and rights.
The pope weighed in as lawmakers prepared to debate the government's response to recent crime, including fast-track expulsions of Romanians and other EU citizens deemed dangerous and bulldozing shantytowns housing immigrants.
"In Rome alone, 20,000 expulsions should be carried out right away," right-wing leader Gianfranco Fini, a key Berlusconi ally, said on a TV talk show Sunday.
Romanians have been detained as suspects in several recent high-profile crimes, including the rape of a woman on church steps in northern Italy, a mugging that left a Rome cyclist in a coma for weeks before he died, and the robbery of a Milan coffee bar in which the elderly owner was beaten and her daughter raped.
Other recent crimes in which foreigners are suspected include the mugging of Oscar-winning director Giuseppe Tornatore, which sent him to the hospital; the holdup of a prominent TV anchorman and the mugging of a Rome municipal commissioner.
Berlusconi told La Stampa newspaper that Italy should enact a moratorium against Romanian workers.
"If I were in the government, I would have done it," the billionaire media mogul and former premier said.
After Romania joined the EU earlier this year, Romanians poured into Italy in search of work as maids, nannies, waiters, janitors and bricklayers, and they now account for nearly 1 percent of the population in Italy.
Last week, the Cabinet gave authorities the power to expel EU citizens with criminal records, or those deemed dangerous to public safety. The decree needs approval in parliament, where Premier Romano Prodi's center-left forces have a narrow majority, to remain in effect long-term.
The savage beating last week of the wife of an Italian naval commander triggered the emergency decree after a Romanian was arrested in connection with the assault.
Berlusconi said he was mulling whether his conservative lawmakers should approve the decree, while Fini said his forces would vote for it only if expulsions are expanded to include EU citizens without a means to support themselves.
Another right-wing leader, Roberto Calderoli, advocated vigilante patrols.
Italian authorities say statistics show foreigners commit a disproportionate number of crimes. Rome Mayor Walter Veltroni said 75 percent of arrests in the city in the last year involved Romanians. On a national level, less than 5 percent of Italy's population in 2004 - before Romania joined the EU - was foreign, yet foreigners accounted for 26 percent of those convicted of crimes.
The wave of crime has sparked a backlash against foreigners. Police were searching for several Italians attacked and wounded three Romanians with clubs and knives in a Rome parking lot on Friday night.
The attack prompted Romania's government to warn Italy against letting public concern over crime degenerate into xenophobia.
In Bucharest, Romanian's prime minister, Calin Popescu Tariceanu, summoned top Cabinet ministers Sunday to discuss the issue. Tariceanu's office said he would travel to Rome later this week.
"We should fight against the wave of xenophobia that is manifesting itself in Italy and we must fight against the bad image that Romanians who are working in Italy have," he said Saturday.
Pope Benedict expressed his concern.
"Those who deal with security and welcoming programs know how to use instruments aimed at guaranteeing the rights and duties that are at the foundations" of coexistence.
___
Associated Press writer Alison Mutler contributed to this report from Bucharest, Romania.
Italians Urge Expulsion of Immigrants
By FRANCES D'EMILIO
Associated Press Writer
ROME - Opposition leader Silvio Berlusconi urged Italy to close its borders to Romanian workers and a conservative ally called Sunday for the expulsion of tens of thousands of immigrants amid public outrage over a wave of violent crimes blamed on foreigners.
Pope Benedict XVI added his voice to the debate over the balance between citizen safety and treatment of foreigners, reminding authorities that immigrants have both obligations and rights.
The pope weighed in as lawmakers prepared to debate the government's response to recent crime, including fast-track expulsions of Romanians and other EU citizens deemed dangerous and bulldozing shantytowns housing immigrants.
"In Rome alone, 20,000 expulsions should be carried out right away," right-wing leader Gianfranco Fini, a key Berlusconi ally, said on a TV talk show Sunday.
Romanians have been detained as suspects in several recent high-profile crimes, including the rape of a woman on church steps in northern Italy, a mugging that left a Rome cyclist in a coma for weeks before he died, and the robbery of a Milan coffee bar in which the elderly owner was beaten and her daughter raped.
Other recent crimes in which foreigners are suspected include the mugging of Oscar-winning director Giuseppe Tornatore, which sent him to the hospital; the holdup of a prominent TV anchorman and the mugging of a Rome municipal commissioner.
Berlusconi told La Stampa newspaper that Italy should enact a moratorium against Romanian workers.
"If I were in the government, I would have done it," the billionaire media mogul and former premier said.
After Romania joined the EU earlier this year, Romanians poured into Italy in search of work as maids, nannies, waiters, janitors and bricklayers, and they now account for nearly 1 percent of the population in Italy.
Last week, the Cabinet gave authorities the power to expel EU citizens with criminal records, or those deemed dangerous to public safety. The decree needs approval in parliament, where Premier Romano Prodi's center-left forces have a narrow majority, to remain in effect long-term.
The savage beating last week of the wife of an Italian naval commander triggered the emergency decree after a Romanian was arrested in connection with the assault.
Berlusconi said he was mulling whether his conservative lawmakers should approve the decree, while Fini said his forces would vote for it only if expulsions are expanded to include EU citizens without a means to support themselves.
Another right-wing leader, Roberto Calderoli, advocated vigilante patrols.
Italian authorities say statistics show foreigners commit a disproportionate number of crimes. Rome Mayor Walter Veltroni said 75 percent of arrests in the city in the last year involved Romanians. On a national level, less than 5 percent of Italy's population in 2004 - before Romania joined the EU - was foreign, yet foreigners accounted for 26 percent of those convicted of crimes.
The wave of crime has sparked a backlash against foreigners. Police were searching for several Italians attacked and wounded three Romanians with clubs and knives in a Rome parking lot on Friday night.
The attack prompted Romania's government to warn Italy against letting public concern over crime degenerate into xenophobia.
In Bucharest, Romanian's prime minister, Calin Popescu Tariceanu, summoned top Cabinet ministers Sunday to discuss the issue. Tariceanu's office said he would travel to Rome later this week.
"We should fight against the wave of xenophobia that is manifesting itself in Italy and we must fight against the bad image that Romanians who are working in Italy have," he said Saturday.
Pope Benedict expressed his concern.
"Those who deal with security and welcoming programs know how to use instruments aimed at guaranteeing the rights and duties that are at the foundations" of coexistence.
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Associated Press writer Alison Mutler contributed to this report from Bucharest, Romania.
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