Ch. 18 Section 2 The Spanish-American-Cuban War

Ch. 18 Section 2 The Spanish-American-Cuban War

Overview
Objectives
To contrast American opinions regarding the Cuban revolt against Spain.
To identify events that escalated conflict between the United States and Spain.
To describe the course of the Spanish-American-Cuban War and its results.

Focus & Motivate
Starting with the Student
Have you ever been shocked or angered by something you read or heard?
How did it make you want to act?
Did you wonder if your opinion was being manipulated?

Objective 1 Instruct
American Interest in Cuba
Discussing Key Ideas
Investments in sugar cane plantations give Americans an economic interest in Cuba.
Some Americans support Spanish control of Cuba while others sympathize with Cuban revels.

Key Player
Jose Marti
Critical Thinking:
Analyzing Issues
Why did Marti seek U.S. intervention in Cuba, yet was wary of a U.S. presence in Cuba?
Answer: Marti felt that U.S. help was needed to overthrow the Spanish, but he was worried about the United States’ imperialistic tendencies.

Objective 2 Instruct
The Threat of War Escalates
Discussing Key Ideas
Spanish leaders employ harsh tactics in an attempt to crush the Cuban revolt.
Several incidents, along with yellow journalism, arouse American sympathy for Cuban rebels.

History From Visuals
Reading the Graphic
Who represents the U.S. in the cartoon?
Uncle Sam.
What does he appear to be doing to Cuba?
Swallowing the country.

More About. . . .
Yellow Journalism
One of Hearst’s gimmicks to boost newspaper sales was a color comic strip. The term yellow journalism comes in the form of the comic strip’s main character, “The Yellow Kid.” Hearst’s and Pulitizer’s role in sensationalizing events such as the sinking of the Maine prompted this response from the editor of the New York Evening Post: “Nothing so disgraceful . . . has been known in the history of American journalism.”

Objective 3 Instruct
War Breaks Out
Discussing Key Ideas
The Unites States defeats Spanish forces in the Philippines and in Cuba.
As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, Cuba becomes independent and the U.S. annexes the Philippines.

History From Visuals
War in the Philippines, 1898
The map should orient students to the location of the Islands.

History From Visuals
War in the Caribbean, 1898
Reading the Map
The row of small triangles signals the extent of the U.S. naval blockade.

Extension
Alfred T. Mahan’s argument for a strong U.S. navy is in his book, “The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 (p. 528). How did Mahan’s ideas play a role in the U.S. victory in the Caribbean. A list of the possible effects of a naval blockade can be developed in a chart.

Effects of a Blockade
1.
2.
3.

More About. . . .
Battle of San Juan Hill
Twenty years after the battle, Roosevelt stated, “San Juan was the great day of my life.” He believed that he deserved the Congressional Meal of Honor for his part in the war, but the award was denied him.

Historical Spotlight
Rough Riders
Critical Thinking:
Analyzing
What are the characteristics of the Rough Riders? What would a movie about this group be like? Who would be cast in the leading roles?

Close
The Spanish-American-Cuban War demonstrated the superiority of U.S. naval forces and added Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to America’s empire.

Chapter 18 America Claims an Empire, Section 1 Imperialism and America

Chapter 18 America Claims an Empire

Overview
America Claims an Empire
How would you react if the U.S. took over another country? Some may oppose it under any circumstances. Are there certain circumstances that it is proper for a nation to control another?

Interpreting the opening quote: According to Hay, what was the basis for American imperialism?
Economic competition.

More About . . .
John Hay
As a young lawyer in Springfield, Illinois, John Hay met Abraham Lincoln. He accompanied Lincoln to Washington and served as assistant private secretary to the President. Hay later co-authored a ten-volume biography of Lincoln. In addition to serving as secretary of state under presidents, McKinley and Roosevelt, Hay also served as a diplomat in France, Spain, Austria, and Britain.

Section 1, Imperialism and America

Overview
Objectives
To summarize the causes and effects of European and Asian imperialism.
To identify factors that influenced American imperialism.
To explain how the United States acquired Hawaii.

Focus & Motivate
How does a person behave when he or she feels superior to others?
Ask if countries might behave in similar fashion.

More About . . .
Liliuokalani
The last reigning queen of Hawaii greatly admired the role of Britain’s Queen Victoria. L. carried out the antique royal custom of sitting in front of a golden yellow cape of feathers when delivering important messages. The deposed queen lived until 1917. She was respected among Hawaiians as a link to the past. She is also remembered as the composer of “Aloha Oe”—Hawaii’s traditional farewell song.

Objective 1 Instruct
Discussing Key Ideas
Imperialist European nations carve Africa into colonies.
Britain’s empire includes a quarter of the world’s land and people.
Japan joins European nations in imperialist competition in China.

On the World Stage
Carving Up Africa
Critical Thinking:
Analyzing
A flow chart can be created showing causes and effects of imperialism in Africa.

Objective 2 Instruct
American Imperialism
Discussing Key Ideas
American imperialists seek more markets for U.S. goods.
To protect economic interests abroad, the U.S. develops a modern fleet and plans to acquire naval bases.
Some Americans argue that their culture is superior and should be spread to other nations.

More About . . .
Social Darwinism
British naturalist Darwin (1809-1882) had concluded that only the strongest creatures survive in competition against other creatures. Several philosophers applied Darwin’s theory to human situations. They argued that certain people succeed in competition with others due to genetic and biological superiority.

Objective 3, Instruct
The U.S. Takes Hawaii
Discussing Key Ideas
American sugar planters gain control of Hawaii’s government and economy.
White business groups depose Queen L.
Americans establish a provisional government, and the U.S. annexes Hawaii.

History From Visuals
Hawaii’s Changing Population, 1853-1920
Reading the Graph Note that the graph depicts shifts in the percentage of Hawaii’s total population and does not address numbers of persons.

Extension
What do the changes in Hawaii’s population shown in the graph say about the effects of imperialism on smaller, less powerful countries?

More About. . .
Sanford B. Dole
The son of an American missionary, Dole was born in Hawaii and educated in the U.S. He returned to Hawaii to practice law and was twice elected to the Hawaii Legislature. An opponent of King Kalakaua’s policies, Dole led an opposition party against the king and eventually helped engineer the overthrow of his sister. After the U.S. annexed Hawaii, Dole served as first territorial governor.

Close
The U.S. joined European and Asian countries in political and economic competition for colonies. A belief in Anglo-Saxon superiority provided additional incentive for imperialism. These factors led to annexation of Hawaii.