Monday, October 17, 2016

HIS 105 Week 3 Fall 2016

The presentation may contain content that is deemed objectionable to a particular viewer because of the view expressed or the conduct depicted. The views expressed are provided for learning purposes only, and do not necessarily express the views, or opinions, of Strayer University, your professor, or those participating in videos or other media.

We will have two ten-minute breaks: at 7:30 - 7:40; and, at 9:00 pm - 9:10 pm. I will take roll after the second break before you are dismissed at 10 pm.



18 The Industrial Age: North, South, and West

18-1 The North

Urbanization

Immigration

18-2 The “New South”

Southern Industries

Southern Urbanization

Segregation in the New South

Society and Culture in the Postwar South

18-3 The Industrializing West

Expansive Farming

Industry in the West

Western Cities

Outsiders in the Industrializing West

18-4 The Populists

Problems Confronting Farmers

Farmers Unite

Populism

REVIEW

Arkansas Mom Reviews Common Core

Common Core, 4:20



Liberty Beats "Common Core, Uncommon Conformity" 3:21

http://youtu.be/dzua7Oa0EwQ






Trump Car in Black Neighborhood (Social Experiment), 3:14

https://youtu.be/nQtHx5GY164


How Decades Of Democratic Rule Ruined Some Of Our Finest Cities

http://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/how-decades-of-democratic-rule-ruined-some-of-our-finest-cities/

5:00

Donald Trump Requests Vote of Every African American Asks What They Have to Lose - 8/19/16





https://youtu.be/He-VT3k6Xu4







Industrial Revolution Lesson Plan

http://blog.flocabulary.com/industrial-revolution/


Video, 3:30

http://blog.flocabulary.com/industrial-revolution/

Every aspect of life changed during the Industrial Revolution, from food to work to housing to what people did in their free time. Innovative inventions spurred many of these changes. This lesson plan will challenge students to decide which invention changed the world the most.


Industrial Revolution Lesson Plan

Lesson Objective: Think critically about different Industrial Revolution inventions and support an opinion about which invention is most influential.

Materials: Industrial Revolution video, Debate Worksheet, computer access for research, student notebook or document to take notes.

1. Play the free Flocabulary video, “The Industrial Dream.” Before you begin, tell students that the song describes the changes that the Industrial Revolution brought to industrializing nations. Ask them to write down as many inventions and changes as they notice while watching.

2. When the video is over, have students share the inventions that they heard and write them all up on the board. You may also want to describe changes in the song where inventions weren’t specifically mentioned, like the rise of factories. You may want to discuss new inventions in factories, like looms or assembly line production. Next, click on the lyrics below the video to learn more about the inventions. 

3. Break students into small groups and hand out the debate worksheets. Have them fill in the “General Topic,” which is, “Which Industrial Revolution invention changed the world the most?” Ask each group to consider the various effects of each invention, and decide which invention was most influential. (ALTERNATIVE: Assign a different invention to each group and ask them to come up with arguments to support their invention’s influence.)

4. Before or after students make their choice (depending upon how you want to structure the lesson), give students time to research their invention. Have them list arguments on the debate worksheet for why their invention most changed the world. Make sure they use facts from the song or research to support their views.

5. Give each group time to present their arguments. Students should take notes on other arguments. Afterwards, give groups time to write down explanations as to why their invention was more influential than another groups. Students can discuss these rebuttals as a class if there is time.

6. When everyone has presented and had time to rebut, ask the class to vote on the most influential Industrial Revolution invention. Remind students that they shouldn’t just vote for their invention, but to really think about the most convincing arguments.

7. Extension: Ask students to write about or discuss the invention from the last 10 years has changed the world the most.




The American Industrial Revolution (NHD Documentary), 6:43

http://youtu.be/o3PZ-qOJp0I



Railroads

U.S. Railroad History Map 1830 - 1990s, 2:40

http://youtu.be/a8lX5A2q-Eo

Urbanization Changing the Landscape, 2:52

https://youtu.be/N_LS1hrWXW0





IMMIGRATION



New York Immigrants 1880 - 1920_0002.wmv, 4:04

https://youtu.be/s0H9ilIaKXI




A minority group in the U.S. are of German descent. There are fewer German-Americans than there are African-Americans or Hispanics. In 2000, people of German descent comprised the largest nationality or ethnic group (group of people who are not from the majority culture in the country in which they live and who keep some part of their former culture, language, and institutions) in the United States. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 46.5 million people, or 15.2 percent of the population, claimed German ancestry. About seven million Germans have immigrated to North America since the eighteenth century. Some left the Old World in response to the many historical events in Europe over the last two centuries. Most Germans came to the United States seeking economic opportunities or religious or political freedom. There were many different motivations behind the mass migrations (the movement of thousands, or even millions, of people from one country to another within a relatively short period of time) from Germany that took place between 1800 and 1920.

German immigration

http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?zid=a1bdd01f59dacbddab4e6bea68b2a54e&action=2&documentId=GALE%7CCX3436800018&userGroupName=gray02935&jsid=f6ef0c62ec142c368bfc2a12c90b49ea




Mass immigration begins

Immigration from Europe to the United States overwhelmingly increased in the mid-1800s. The U.S. population recorded in the census of 1860 was 31,500,000; of that population, 4,736,000, or 15 percent, were of foreign birth. The greater part of these immigrants had come from two countries: 1,611,000 from Ireland, and 1,301,000 from Germany (principally from the southwestern states of Württemberg, Baden, and Bavaria). The mass migration from Germany had begun in the 1830s, but the peak decades were the 1850s, with more than 950,000 immigrants, and the 1880s, with nearly 1.5 million.

By the 1850s, New York had become the principal port of arrival for German immigrants. Many chose to stay in the East, while others moved westward along the Erie Canal through Buffalo and out to Ohio. By the 1840s large numbers of German immigrants went to New Orleans on cotton ships from Le Havre, France. The majority moved to the valleys of the upper Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. By 1880, Wisconsin had more German Americans than any other state. Here, as in the East, those who settled in urban centers brought a range of crafts and professional skills, while others setting up farms brought their farming skills from Germany. In the years between 1860 and 1890, three-fifths of German immigrants moved to rural areas, while two-fifths moved to the cities. When they settled, they often established German-speaking communities, setting up their own churches, schools, newspapers, and other institutions, and keeping their cultural traditions alive in the New World.

Immigration Wave: Will Europe Still Be Europe? 5:31

Migrants are continuing to pour into Europe by the hundreds of thousands. But what if the migrant surge doesn't stop?


https://youtu.be/tXMkcZBvq7U



Record 64.7 million non-English speakers in U.S. Doubles since 1990, with Arabic fastest growing

De facto Religious Requirement for Immigration

http://cnsnews.com/news/article/patrick-goodenough/syrian-refugee-tally-fy-2016-12486-muslims-68-christians-24-yazidis

12,587 Syrian Refugees Admitted in FY 2016: 12,486 Muslims, 68 Christians, 24 Yazidi

THE "NEW SOUTH"

Even before the Civil War, the South lagged behind the North in urbanization and industrialization, mainly because of its dependence on slavery and the domination of plantation owners in the state governments during the antebellum period.

But after the war, southerners such as Henry Grady, the owner and editor of the Atlanta Constitution, argued that the South should improve its cities and provide for the growth of industry.

It should partake in the Industrial Revolution and encourage economic relations with the North, including accepting northern loans.

Grady’s stirring speech “The New South” argued that the postwar South was a different world from the antebellum South, especially because it was not built on the subjugation of an entire race or the domination of a single industry like cotton.

A spirit of enterprise characterized southern life in the late 1870s and 1880s, he argued.

2011 Hall of Fame - Henry Grady, 4:24

https://youtu.be/LuqLDvAbnWg



SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES

Southern industry grew up around railroads, iron manufacture, textile production, and tobacco. However, the South never developed a strong industrial base, at least not one comparable to what was taking place in the North.

Railroads

Railroads led the South’s industrial expansion, attracting capital from wealthy northern investors. The railroads also provided much-needed connections between the cities and towns of the South. Before the Civil War and up until about 1880, southern railroad development was very slow. But between 1880 and 1890—just one ten-year period—southern rails grew from 16,605 miles to 39,108 miles, an increase of more than 100 percent. Southern state governments poured resources into supporting rail companies, and northern rail companies began to expand into southern states, seeing an opportunity for profit and growth in the developing southern economy. By 1890, southern railroads had become a model for railroad development worldwide.

Iron Production

The expansion of the railroads also helped foster the urbanization of southern cities and the growth of the iron industry. Many New South advocates hoped that iron production would become the central means for the South to compete with the North in industry. Because the demand for iron was high, especially in construction trades and in laying railroad lines, the iron industry seemed an ideal place to invest money and resources. As a result, it grew; the southern iron industry expanded seventeenfold in the 1800s.

SOUTHERN URBANIZATION

For supporters of the New South, Birmingham, Alabama, became the symbol of southern urbanization.

The city was ideally suited for growth because the Louisville and Nashville Railroad connected Birmingham with coal-mining towns all over Alabama, making it easy to ship the raw iron ore to the city’s production facility.

Birmingham became the center of the South’s iron production in the late nineteenth century.

Visitors from all over the world marveled at Birmingham’s growth and its promise for future expansion.

Many investors, including industrialist Andrew Carnegie, fueled this growth by pouring money into Birmingham’s iron production.

Birmingham was the crown jewel of southern urbanization.

Atlanta, Nashville, and Memphis all followed suit, taking precedence over water-centered, “Old South” cities like New Orleans and Charleston.

But beyond them, similar cities were slow to grow in the South.

There was simply not enough industry to merit continued urban expansion, in part because of southerners’ unwillingness to increase wages for the South’s black population, which would have expanded markets, encouraged growth, and made southern industry more competitive.

Immigrants, who could choose where to settle, chose the cities of the North over those of the South because of the depressed wages throughout the South.

Travel Guide: Birmingham, Alabama, 2:26

https://youtu.be/DA2QpqgIq6g



SEGREGATION IN THE NEW SOUTH

Worse than low wages, though, was the southern drive to repeal political and social rights for black people. After the North retreated from military rule of the South in 1877, race relations became increasingly rigid and violent, especially in areas where black and white Americans competed for economic opportunities. Southern white Democrats continued to deprive African Americans of their civil and political rights by passing laws that disenfranchised African Americans and separated blacks from whites. These efforts were coupled with an even more violent effort to block black citizens from participating in southern public life. Both efforts would prove only too successful. While the South did not have a monopoly on racism, it was where 95 percent of African Americans lived in 1865.

History shows that the Ku Klux Klan was the terrorist arm of the Democrat Party. This ugly fact about the Democrat Party is detailed in the book, A Short History of Reconstruction, (Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., 1990) by Dr. Eric Foner, the renown liberal historian who is the DeWitt Clinton Professor of History at Columbia University. As a further testament to his impeccable credentials, Professor Foner is only the second person to serve as president of the three major professional organizations: the Organization of American Historians, American Historical Association, and Society of American Historians.

Democrats in the last century did not hide their connections to the Ku Klux Klan. Georgia-born Democrat Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan wrote on page 21 of the September 1928 edition of the Klan’s “The Kourier Magazine”: “I have never voted for any man who was not a regular Democrat. My father … never voted for any man who was not a Democrat. My grandfather was …the head of the Ku Klux Klan in reconstruction days…. My great-grandfather was a life-long Democrat…. My great-great-grandfather was…one of the founders of the Democratic party.”

Dr. Foner in his book explores the history of the origins of Ku Klux Klan and provides a chilling account of the atrocities committed by Democrats against Republicans, black and white.

On page 146 of his book, Professor Foner wrote: “Founded in 1866 as a Tennessee social club, the Ku Klux Klan spread into nearly every Southern state, launching a ‘reign of terror‘ against Republican leaders black and white.” Page 184 of his book contains the definitive statements: “In effect, the Klan was a military force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired the restoration of white supremacy. It aimed to destroy the Republican party’s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore racial subordination in every aspect of Southern life.”

Heartbreaking are Professor Foner’s recitations of the horrific acts of terror inflicted by Democrats on black and white Republicans. Recounted on pages 184-185 of his book is one such act of terror: “Jack Dupree, a victim of a particularly brutal murder in Monroe County, Mississippi - assailants cut his throat and disemboweled him, all within sight of his wife, who had just given birth to twins - was ‘president of a republican club‘ and known as a man who ‘would speak his mind.’”

“White gangs roamed New Orleans, intimidating blacks and breaking up Republican meetings,“ wrote Dr. Foner on page 146 of his book. On page 186, he wrote: “An even more extensive ‘reign of terror’ engulfed Jackson, a plantation county in Florida’s panhandle. ‘That is where Satan has his seat,‘ remarked a black clergyman; all told over 150 persons were killed, among them black leaders and Jewish merchant Samuel Fleischman, resented for his Republican views and for dealing fairly with black customers.“

SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE POSTWAR SOUTH

The white South’s brutal restrictions on the region’s African American population gained greater popular acceptance in the late nineteenth century through a cultural revival that centered on the “myth of the lost cause.” This myth tried to diminish the importance of slavery as a cause of the Civil War by lionizing the rebels of the Confederacy as avid defenders of “states’ rights.” Not only were many southerners attempting to reinstitute antebellum social practices, but many were also aiming to glorify the cause and culture of institutionalized slavery.

Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (July 16, 1862 – March 25, 1931), more commonly known as Ida B. Wells, was an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist [1] Georgist,[2] and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.

Both of Ida's parents were active in the Republican Party during Reconstruction.[8]

In 1894, Wells helped form a Republican Women's Club in Illinois in response to women being granted the right to vote for a state elective office and the right to hold elective office as Trustee of the University of Illinois.[47] The club organized to support the nomination by the Republican Party of Lucy L. Flower to that position, and Flower was eventually elected.[48]

Ida B. Wells Biography - Ida B Wells Documentary 2015 [NEW] HD, 2:45

Ida B. Wells Biography - Ida B Wells Documentary 2015 [NEW] HD. Fearless Journalist And All-Round Badass Ida B. Wells Honored With Google Doodle. When Ida B. Wells was 22, she was asked by a conductor of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Company to give up her seat on the train to a white man. She refused, and the conductor attempted to forcibly drag her out of her seat.

Wells wouldn't budge.

“The moment he caught hold of my arm I fastened my teeth in the back of his hand,” she wrote in her autobiography. “I had braced my feet against the seat in front and was holding to the back, and as he had already been badly bitten he didn't try it again by himself. He went forward and got the baggageman and another man to help him and of course they succeeded in dragging me out.”

The year was 1884 -- about 70 years before Rosa Parks would refuse to give up her seat on an Alabama bus.

Wells’ life was full of such moments of courage and principle. Born into slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862, Wells was a vocal civil rights activist, suffragist and journalist who dedicated her life to fighting inequality.

On July 16, Wells’ 153rd birthday, Google honored the “fearless and uncompromising” woman with a Doodle of her typing away on typewriter, a piece of luggage by her side.

“She was a fierce opponent of segregation and wrote prolifically on the civil injustices that beleaguered her world. By twenty-five she was editor of the Memphis-based Free Speech and Headlight, and continued to publicly decry inequality even after her printing press was destroyed by a mob of locals who opposed her message,” Google wrote in tribute of Wells.

The journalist would go on to work for Chicago's Daily Inter Ocean and the Chicago Conservator, one of the oldest African-American newspapers in the country. As Google notes, she “also travelled and lectured widely, bringing her fiery and impassioned rhetoric all over the world.”

Wells married Chicago attorney Ferdinand Barrett in 1895. She insisted on keeping her own name, becoming Ida Wells-Barnett -- a radical move for the time. The couple had four children.

Wells died in Chicago of kidney failure in 1931. She was 68.

Every year around her birthday, Holly Springs celebrates Wells’ life with a weekend festival. Mayor Kelvin Buck said at this year's event that people often overlook “the historic significance of Ida B. Wells in the history of the civil rights struggle in the United States,” per the South Reporter.

https://youtu.be/glADiBuo1Lw



THE INDUSTRIALIZING WEST

If the Industrial Age brought to the North urbanization and immigration, and if the South entered the age still burdened by the oppressions of history, including a commitment to racial inequality and the myth of the lost cause, the West confronted the new era in its own way. The main concerns of those in the West during the late nineteenth century were getting soil to produce crops and keeping Indians and immigrants at bay. The federal government aggressively assisted in all these efforts. But working the land is of course difficult, and many farmers struggled to make a living off their newly acquired property. As they fought to make ends meet, another harbinger of the Industrial Age interceded. Large corporations were often lurking in the background, seeking to buy out failed farming endeavors in order to create what were then called bonanza farms and what we would today call agribusinesses. The West of the late nineteenth century inspired the lore of the “Wild West,” with its tales of cowboys and Indians. And indeed, some components of the development of the West were in fact wild. But for the most part, those most interested in the development of the West were corporations, usually with bases in the industrial capitals of the North. Like the South, which often depended on northern wealth to industrialize, the West too is sometimes referred to as a mere colony to the rest of the United States. Nevertheless, the Industrial Age did transform the West in ways that few could have predicted.

Westward Expansion: The Homestead Act of 1862 & The Frontier Thesis, 4:46

https://youtu.be/NbwVl-0AP6s



EXPANSIVE FARMING

American settlers in the West had always been farmers, and before the Civil War most Americans in the region were still involved in agriculture. They might have been grain elevator operators, agricultural commodities brokers, or farmers, but in general, most Americans in the West lived off the land. Chicago and St. Louis were booming towns, but most of their wealth was attributable to processing and distributing natural goods like lumber, corn, cattle, and wheat.

INDUSTRY IN THE WEST

Besides farming, three major industries shaped the post–Civil War western economy: (1) railroads, (2) cattle, and (3) mining.

Eric Foner on the late-19th-century industrial economy in the West, 1:09

Question: How did the distinctive farming and industrial economy take shape out West in the late nineteenth century?

https://youtu.be/1mL9RO5hjMU



Cattle Trails in the 19th Century,

https://youtu.be/3Qr8GsSwFtg



The History of Colorado Gold Mining, 5:42

https://youtu.be/pgEVltqrmJY



WESTERN CITIES

Farming, mining, and cattle were the lifeblood of the West, and that blood flowed through towns and cities. Western cities connected the natural resources of the West to urban centers in the East. Huge cities emerged rapidly in the West, humming with all the industries necessary to convert raw material into packaged goods ready for shipping. No city grew faster than the Midwestern city of Chicago. With its busy train station and its avid business promoters, Chicago became the capital of western commerce. It developed meatpacking plants to turn cattle into cash and a stock market where speculators could bet on that year’s yield. By 1900, 1.7 million people lived in Chicago. And Chicago was not alone. By 1890, a greater percentage of westerners lived in cities than in any other region in the nation. Cities like Dodge City, Kansas, transitioned from a fur-trading post to a cattle town to a stockyard city.

Virginia City is the Wildest West, 4:55

Virginia City, NV may be set in the 1800′s but the entertainment is timeless! It is a town rich in history and the home to a lot of firsts and lasts. Mark Twain first used his pen name here, Janice Joplin joined what would be her first band and they have the last full speed stagecoach ride.

There is an ever evolving calendar of events and something different almost every weekend! There are wild west show downs, themed balls, silly parades and museums galore. You can walk the town and enjoy the shops and saloons or dig in your heels and try every adventure. I love costumes and you have to love a town where you can dress in 19th century attire and blend in. With so much to do, the only thing you will have to worry about is how many days you can spare to stay. For more information on Virginia City:

http://www.virginiacity-nv.org/

https://youtu.be/FI8-72-v0HI


Outsiders in the Industrializing West

The two groups that did not mesh with the way of life developing in the West were the American Indians and the Chinese, and both were persecuted as outsiders.








THE POPULISTS

18-4 The Populists

In the topsy-turvy agricultural worlds of the South and the West, the corporations of the Industrial Age were rapidly turning into transformative players, dominating key industries like railroads and tobacco, and even challenging the sustainability of the self-sufficient farmer. Farmers both western and southern felt squeezed by a system that seemed stacked against them. Vulnerable to falling crop prices, often saddled with debt, and unable to meet the forces of corporate capitalism on a level playing field, during the 1860s, 1870s, and 1880s many farmers formed organizations to attempt to protect their rural interests. There were many kinds of farm advocacy groups developed during these years, varying in objective, degree of racial liberalism, and political techniques. But in the 1890s, farmers joined together in the Populist Party, which championed the cause of farmers over what it saw as the entrenched powers of banking and credit. Collectively, these agricultural advocates have come to be called the Populists.

The Populists, 1:21

The Democratic Party failed to respond to people's needs.

As a result, people were attracted to a third party.

The Panic of 1873 was the beginning of the Populist movement as farmers organized to reform government policies.

https://youtu.be/zRGYx5KAWAU



What Does It Mean To Be A Populist? - Newsy, 1:36

https://youtu.be/1cn1rwbaR9I

 

The  

People's Party, also known as the Populist Party or the Populists, was a short-lived agrarian-populist political party in the United States that most historians agree was on the left-wing of American politics. It was highly critical of capitalism, especially banks and railroads, and allied itself with the labor movement.

Established in 1891, as a result of the Populist movement, the People's Party reached its zenith in the 1892 presidential election, when its ticket, composed of James B. Weaver and James G. Field, won 8.5% of the popular vote and carried five states (Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nevada and North Dakota), and the 1894 House of Representatives elections, when it took over 10% of the vote. Built on a coalition of poor, white cotton farmers in the South (especially North Carolina, Alabama and Texas) and hard-pressed wheat farmers in the Plains states (especially Kansas and Nebraska), the Populists represented a radical crusading form of agrarianism and hostility to elites, cities, banks, railroads and gold.

The party sometimes allied with labor unions in the North and Republicans in the South. In the 1896 presidential elections the Populists endorsed the Democratic presidential nominee, William Jennings Bryan, adding their own vice presidential nominee. By joining with the Democrats, the People's Party lost its independent identity and rapidly withered away.


0:02 / 3:29 William Jennings Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech

High inflation during the American civil war benefited farmers who were debtors and who received high prices for farm products. After the war, the U.S. went back to the gold standard causing general deflation. Various rural-based inflation movements developed. By the early 1890s, the Populist Party and figures within the Democratic and Republican Parties advocated "free silver" (a silver-standard currency at a high price for silver that would bring inflation). The Populists represented an alliance of rural interests and silver mining interests. Free silver advocate William Jennings Bryan became the Democratic presidential candidate of 1896, delivering the famous "Cross of Gold" speech denouncing the gold standard. This is a radio broadcast on the 100th anniversary of the speech which includes a 1923 phonograph recording of excepts from the speech by Bryan. (Bryan ran for president 4 times. He was Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson for a time. And he became the prosecutor in the Scopes "Monkey Trial" in Tennessee, convicting Scopes for teaching evolution in the public schools.)

https://youtu.be/HeTkT5-w5RA

 

The terms "populism" and "populist" have been used in the 20th and 21st centuries to describe anti-elitist appeals against established interests or mainstream parties, referring to both the political left and right.










People's Party candidate nominating convention held at Columbus, Nebraska, July 15, 1890.
A People's Party grew out of a large mood of agrarian unrest in response to low agricultural prices in the South and the trans-Mississippi West, as well as thought that the "Eastern Elites" were taking advantage of the farmers by charging higher rates on loans and trains. The Farmers' Alliance, formed in Lampasas, Texas, in 1876, promoted collective economic action by farmers and achieved widespread popularity in the South and Great Plains. The Farmers' Alliance ultimately did not achieve its wider economic goals of collective economic action against brokers, railroads, and merchants, and many in the movement advocated for changes in national policy. By the late 1880s, the Alliance had developed a political agenda that called for regulation and reform in national politics, most notably an opposition to the gold standard to counter the high deflation in agricultural prices in relation to other goods such as farm implements.

In 1886, a "People's Party" elected none members to the Wisconsin State Assembly and Wisconsin State Senate; but this was a labor party, and by the 1888 elections was using the Union Labor Party label.

In December 1888 the National Agricultural Wheel and the Southern Farmer’s Alliance met at Meridian, Mississippi where the national farmers convention was held that current year. In that meeting they decided to consolidate the two parties pending ratification. This consolidation gave the organization a new name, the Farmers and Laborers’ Union of America, and by 1889 the merger had been ratified, although there were conflicts between “conservative” Alliance men and “political” Wheelers in Texas and Arkansas, which delayed the unification in these states until 1890 and 1891 respectively. The merger eventually united white Southern Alliance and Wheel members, but it would not include African American members of agricultural organizations.

During their move towards consolidation in 1889, the leaders of both Southern Farmers’ Alliance and the Agricultural Wheel organizations contacted Terence V. Powderly, leader of the Knights of Labor. “This contact between leaders of the farmers’ movement and Powderly helped pave the way for a series of reform conferences held between December 1889 and July 1892 that resulted in the formation of the national People’s (or Populist) Party.”



1892 People's Party campaign poster promoting James Weaver for President of the United States.
The drive to create a new political party out of the movement arose from the belief that the two major parties Democrats and Republicans were controlled by bankers, landowners and elites hostile to the needs of the small farmer. The movement reached its peak in 1892 when the party held a convention chaired by Frances Willard (leader of the WCTU and a friend of Powderly's) in Omaha, Nebraska and nominated candidates for the national election.

The party's platform, commonly known as the Omaha Platform, called for the abolition of national banks, a graduated income tax, direct election of Senators, civil service reform, a working day of eight hours and Government control of all railroads, telegraphs, and telephones. In the 1892 Presidential election, James B. Weaver received 1,027,329 votes. Weaver carried four states (Colorado, Kansas, Idaho, and Nevada) and received electoral votes from Oregon and North Dakota as well.

The party flourished most among farmers in the Southwest and Great Plains, as well as making significant gains in the South, where they faced an uphill battle given the firmly entrenched monopoly of the Democratic Party. Success was often obtained through electoral fusion, with the Democrats outside the South, but with alliances with the Republicans in Southern states like Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. For example, in the elections of 1894, a coalition of Populists and Republicans led by Populist Marion Butler swept state and local offices in North Carolina, and the coalition would go on to elect Republican Daniel Lindsay Russell as Governor in 1896.

Quite separate from the Populists were the Silverites in the western mining states, who demanded Free silver to solve the Panic of 1893. By allowing the coining of silver coins, they hoped to make the value of the money more than what it represented, which would lead to inflation of the currency, and thus, reduce the debt of the farmers to the Eastern Elites. This idea led to former Greenback Party members to join the Populist Party.
The Populists followed the Prohibition Party in actively including women in their affairs. Some southern Populists, including Thomas E. Watson of Georgia, openly talked of the need for poor blacks and poor whites to set aside their racial differences in the name of shared economic self-interest. Regardless of these rhetoric appeals, however, racism did not evade the People's Party. Prominent Populist Party leaders such as Marion Butler, a United States Senator from North Carolina, at least partially demonstrated a dedication to the cause of white supremacy, and there appears to have been some support for this viewpoint among the rank-and-file of the party's membership. After 1900 Watson himself became an outspoken white supremacist and became the party's presidential nominee in 1904 and 1908, winning 117,000 and 29,000 votes.

The Presidential Election of 1896




The Wizard of Oz and the 1896 Presidential Election, 3:48

Excerpt from NPR program on the hypothesis that the book, The Wizard of Oz, was based on the 1896 presidential election and the controversy over gold vs. silver as a monetary standard. It might be noted that the hypothesis is still a matter of controversy.

https://youtu.be/Aevuhg4mFl8


Presidential election of 1896


In 1896, the 36-year-old William Jennings Bryan was the chosen candidate resulting from the fusion of the Democrats and the People's Party
By 1896, the Democratic Party took up many of the People's Party's causes at the national level, and the party began to fade from national prominence. In that year's presidential election, the Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan, who focused (as Populists rarely did) on the free silver issue as a solution to the economic depression and the maldistribution of power. One of the great orators of the day, Bryan generated enormous excitement among Democrats with his "Cross of Gold" speech, and appeared in the summer of 1896 to have a good chance of winning the election, if the Populists voted for him.

The Populists had the choice of endorsing Bryan or running their own candidate. After great infighting at their St. Louis convention they decided to endorse Bryan but with their own vice presidential nominee, Thomas E. Watson of Georgia. Watson was cautiously open to cooperation, but after the election would recant any hope he had in the possibility of cooperation as a viable tool. Bryan's strength was based on the traditional Democratic vote (minus the middle class and the Germans); he swept the old Populist strongholds in the west and South, and added the silverite states in the west, but did poorly in the industrial heartland. He lost to Republican William McKinley by a margin of 600,000 votes, and lost again in a rematch in 1900 by a larger margin. Historians believe this was because of the tactics Bryan used, which were not used ever before; he had aggressively "run" for president, while traditional candidates would use "front porch campaigns."

Fading fortunes

The effects of fusion with the Democrats were disastrous to the Party in the South. The Populist/Republican alliance which had governed North Carolina, the only state in which it had any success, fell apart. By 1898, the Democrats used a violently racist campaign to defeat the North Carolina Populists and GOP, and in 1900 the Democrats ushered in disfranchisement.

Populism never recovered from the failure of 1896. For example, Tennessee’s Populist Party was demoralized by a diminishing membership, and puzzled and split by the dilemma of whether to fight the state-level enemy (the Democrats) or the national foe (the Republicans and Wall Street). By 1900 the People’s Party of Tennessee was a shadow of what it once was.

In 1900, while many Populist voters supported Bryan again, the weakened party nominated a separate ticket of Wharton Barker and Ignatius L. Donnelly, and disbanded afterwards. Populist activists either retired from politics, joined a major party, or followed Eugene Debs into his new Socialist Party.

Reorganization

In 1904, the party was re-organized, and Thomas E. Watson was their nominee for president in 1904 and in 1908, after which the party disbanded again.

Debate by historians over Populism

Since the 1890s historians have vigorously debated the nature of Populism; most scholars have been liberals who admired the Populists for their attacks on banks and railroads. Some historians see a close link between the Populists of the 1890s and the progressives of 1900-1912, but most of the leading progressives (except Bryan himself) fiercely opposed Populism. For example, Theodore Roosevelt, George W. Norris, Robert LaFollette, William Allen White and Woodrow Wilson all strongly opposed Populism. It is debated whether any Populist ideas made their way into the Democratic party during the New Deal era. The New Deal farm programs were designed by experts (like Henry Wallace) who had nothing to do with Populism.




People's Party campaign poster from 1904 touting the candidacy of Thomas E. Watson.
Some historians see the populists as forward-looking liberal reformers. Others view them as reactionaries trying to recapture an idyllic and utopian past. For some they are radicals out to restructure American life, and for others they are economically hard-pressed agrarians seeking government relief. Much recent scholarship emphasizes Populism's debt to early American republicanism. Clanton (1991) stresses that Populism was "the last significant expression of an old radical tradition that derived from Enlightenment sources that had been filtered through a political tradition that bore the distinct imprint of Jeffersonian, Jacksonian, and Lincolnian democracy." This tradition emphasized human rights over the cash nexus of the Gilded Age's dominant ideology.

Frederick Jackson Turner and a succession of western historians depicted the Populist as responding to the closure of the frontier. Turner explained:
The Farmers' Alliance and the Populist demand for government ownership of the railroad is a phase of the same effort of the pioneer farmer, on his latest frontier. The proposals have taken increasing proportions in each region of Western Advance. Taken as a whole, Populism is a manifestation of the old pioneer ideals of the native American, with the added element of increasing readiness to utilize the national government to effect its ends.[18]
The most influential Turner student of Populism was John D. Hicks, who emphasized economic pragmatism over ideals, presenting Populism as interest group politics, with have-nots demanding their fair share of America's wealth which was being leeched off by nonproductive speculators. Hicks emphasized the drought that ruined so many Kansas farmers, but also pointed to financial manipulations, deflation in prices caused by the gold standard, high interest rates, mortgage foreclosures, and high railroad rates. Corruption accounted for such outrages and Populists presented popular control of government as the solution, a point that later students of republicanism emphasized.

In the 1930s C. Vann Woodward stressed the southern base, seeing the possibility of a black-and-white coalition of poor against the overbearing rich. Georgia politician Tom Watson served as Woodward's hero. In the 1950s, however, scholars such as Richard Hofstadter portrayed the Populist movement as an irrational response of backward-looking farmers to the challenges of modernity. He discounted third party links to Progressivism and argued that Populists were provincial, conspiracy-minded, and had a tendency toward scapegoatism that manifested itself as nativism, anti-Semitism, anti-intellectualism, and Anglophobia. The antithesis of anti-modern Populism was modernizing Progressivism according to Hofstadter's model, with such leading progressives as Theodore Roosevelt, Robert LaFollette, George Norris and Woodrow Wilson pointed as having been vehement enemies of Populism, though William Jennings Bryan did cooperate with them and accepted the Populist nomination in 1896.

Michael Kazin's The Populist Persuasion (1995) argued that Populism reflected a rhetorical style that manifested itself in spokesmen like Father Charles Coughlin in the 1930s and Governor George Wallace in the 1960s.

Postel (2007) rejects the notion that the Populists were traditionalistic and anti-modern. Quite the reverse, he argued, the Populists aggressively sought self-consciously progressive goals. They sought diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge, formed highly centralized organizations, launched large-scale incorporated businesses, and pressed for an array of state-centered reforms. Hundreds of thousands of women committed to Populism seeking a more modern life, education, and employment in schools and offices. A large section of the labor movement looked to Populism for answers, forging a political coalition with farmers that gave impetus to the regulatory state. Progress, however, was also menacing and inhumane, Postel notes. White Populists embraced social-Darwinist notions of racial improvement, Chinese exclusion and separate-but-equal.

Populists saw the Panic of 1893 as confirmation that evil global conspiracies and big city villains were to blame. Historian Hasia Diner says:
Some Populists believed that Jews made up a class of international financiers whose policies had ruined small family farms, they asserted, owned the banks and promoted the gold standard, the chief sources of their impoverishment. Agrarian radicalism posited the city as antithetical to American values, asserting that Jews were the essence of urban corruption.[23]
Based on your understanding of Populism, who would be a populist in today's contemporary American politics?

Is Bernie Sanders a populist?

Is Donald Trump?

Election of 1896, 2:39

A music video sung by William McKinley, asking for your votes. Ms. Clark's Period 5 AP U.S. History Class.

https://youtu.be/lTRM8MyZFOY



William Jennings Bryan "Cross of Gold" Speech (1896 / 1921) [AUDIO RESTORED], 9:41
This is a speech from Democratic Candidate William Jennings Bryan, which he originally delivered in 1896. Unfortunately, no recordings exist of his original speech from 1896. Thankfully, Bryan recorded himself reading the speech 25 years later in 1921 so we have a good idea of what it sounded like. As always, I have remastered this version quite a bit to remove static and give it a bit of a boost. The speech is about the issue of whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1.

https://youtu.be/UV2wRCcWJa8?list=PLHwcjg7SEDdOFAWuLwgVlffeuXq3Sj3TG

Fun Fact: William Jennings Bryan was an attorney in the Scopes Trial and argued for the prosecution. He strongly opposed evolution in the classroom and fought for creationism against Clarence Darrow and Mr. Scopes.

For historical authenticity, here is the original:

http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5354/
Populism, Free Silver Movement, William Jennings Bryan
Populism, Free Silver Movement, William Jennings Bryan

REFERENCES

Discussion

"North, South and West" Please respond to the following: (Note: Please make a substantive comment to one (1) of your classmates.)

  • From the scenario, examine the impact of immigration on the need for post-Reconstruction period legislators to create policies. Provide at least two (2) reasons why white politicians saw other minority groups as a threat and acted to limit their freedoms. Provide a rationale for your response.

18 The Industrial Age: North, South, and West

18-1 The North

Urbanization

Immigration

18-2 The “New South”

Southern Industries

Southern Urbanization

Segregation in the New South

Society and Culture in the Postwar South

18-3 The Industrializing West

Expansive Farming

Industry in the West

Western Cities

Outsiders in the Industrializing West

18-4 The Populists

Problems Confronting Farmers

Farmers Unite

Populism

Ian Hunter Ta Shunka Witco Crazy Horse 2012 with lyrics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgJPIB3Do2c



All American Alien Boy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRbo1A4A0rw

Question 1: Multiple Choice Correct At the "Scopes Monkey Trial," Given Answer: Correct famous defense lawyer Clarence Darrow volunteered to defend science teacher John Scopes, who was arrested for teaching evolution. Correct Answer: famous defense lawyer Clarence Darrow volunteered to defend science teacher John Scopes, who was arrested for teaching evolution. out of 5 points Question 2: Multiple Choice Correct What did the 18th Amendment do? Given Answer: Correct It made prohibition the law of the land. Correct Answer: It made prohibition the law of the land. out of 5 points Question 3: Multiple Choice Correct Immigration to America changed a great deal during the 1920s, as all of the following happened EXCEPT Given Answer: Correct Congress passed new laws encourging immigrantion from Asia and Africa. Correct Answer: Congress passed new laws encourging immigrantion from Asia and Africa. out of 5 points Question 4: Multiple Choice Correct The Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution was proposed in 1923 and approved by Congress in ____, but never ratified by the requisite three-quarters of the states. Given Answer: Correct 1972. Correct Answer: 1972. out of 5 points Question 5: Multiple Choice Incorrect Immigration to America changed a great deal during the 1920s, as Given Answer: Incorrect the U.S. Congress adopted Americanization as the basic American policy; immigrants would be expected to leave behind old cultural ways and become fully American. Correct Answer: Congress passed laws establishing quotas for immigrants based on their home country. out of 5 points Question 6: Multiple Choice Correct Writers and other intellectuals in America tended to place the blame for the Depression on Given Answer: Correct unbridled competition among wealthy individuals that sacrificed the good of society for selfish gains. Correct Answer: unbridled competition among wealthy individuals that sacrificed the good of society for selfish gains. out of 5 points Question 7: Multiple Choice Correct Which of the following agencies put millions of men to work building roads and repairing national parks? Given Answer: Correct Civilian Conservation Corps Correct Answer: Civilian Conservation Corps out of 5 points Question 8: Multiple Choice Correct Which of these is NOT a true statement about the Communist Party in America in the 1930s? Given Answer: Correct It showed a strong concern for WWI veterans and organized the Bonus March on Washington. Correct Answer: It showed a strong concern for WWI veterans and organized the Bonus March on Washington. out of 5 points Question 9: Multiple Choice Correct As the "last hired, first fired," African Americans during the Great Depression used which of these strategies? Given Answer: Correct All of the above. Correct Answer: All of the above. out of 5 points Question 10: Multiple Choice Correct As approved, the Social Security Act (1935) would Given Answer: Correct be a safety net against poverty for people who couldn't support themselves -the elderly, the unemployed and single mothers. Correct Answer: be a safety net against poverty for people who couldn't support themselves -the elderly, the unemployed and single mothers.

Question 1: Multiple Choice Correct In the improving American economy of the 1920s, Given Answer: Correct the percentage of national wealth that went to the poorest 60 percent fell by almost 13 percent during the 1920s, causing the wealthy to increase their wealth at the expense of the poor. Correct Answer: the percentage of national wealth that went to the poorest 60 percent fell by almost 13 percent during the 1920s, causing the wealthy to increase their wealth at the expense of the poor. out of 5 points Question 2: Multiple Choice Incorrect What did the 18th Amendment do? Given Answer: Incorrect It gave women the right to vote. Correct Answer: It made prohibition the law of the land. out of 5 points Question 3: Multiple Choice Correct At the "Scopes Monkey Trial," Given Answer: Correct famous defense lawyer Clarence Darrow volunteered to defend science teacher John Scopes, who was arrested for teaching evolution. Correct Answer: famous defense lawyer Clarence Darrow volunteered to defend science teacher John Scopes, who was arrested for teaching evolution. out of 5 points Question 4: Multiple Choice Incorrect Marcus Garvey is best known for Given Answer: Incorrect founding the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Correct Answer: encouraging blacks to own businesses and assisting them in the back-to-Africa movement. out of 5 points Question 5: Multiple Choice Incorrect Immigration to America changed a great deal during the 1920s, as Given Answer: Incorrect most Americans fell in line behind the "melting pot" theory, which stated that all cultures would contribute parts of their cultures to make a single, all-new mix of peoples who were specifically American. Correct Answer: Congress passed laws establishing quotas for immigrants based on their home country. out of 5 points Question 6: Multiple Choice Incorrect The purpose of the 21st Amendment, enacted in December 1933, was to Given Answer: Incorrect give women the right to vote. Correct Answer: repeal the Prohibition Amendment. out of 5 points Question 7: Multiple Choice Incorrect Hollywood during the 1930s Given Answer: Incorrect began to hammer away at the old and disproven "rags-to-riches" mythology of the past. Correct Answer: took gentle jabs at the elites while reassuring audiences that the American "rags-to-riches" dream was alive and well. out of 5 points Question 8: Multiple Choice Correct As approved, the Social Security Act (1935) would Given Answer: Correct be a safety net against poverty for people who couldn't support themselves -the elderly, the unemployed and single mothers. Correct Answer: be a safety net against poverty for people who couldn't support themselves -the elderly, the unemployed and single mothers. out of 5 points Question 9: Multiple Choice Correct As the "last hired, first fired," African Americans during the Great Depression used which of these strategies? Given Answer: Correct All of the above. Correct Answer: All of the above. out of 5 points Question 10: Multiple Choice Correct The Glass-Steagall Act created the Given Answer: Correct Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Correct Answer: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

REL 212 Week 3 Fall 2016

The presentation may contain content that is deemed objectionable to a particular viewer because of the view expressed or the conduct depicted. The views expressed are provided for learning purposes only, and do not necessarily express the views, or opinions, of Strayer University, your professor, or those participating in videos or other media.

We will have two ten-minute breaks: at 7:30 - 7:40; and, at 9:00 pm - 9:10 pm. I will take roll early, we have our Discussion at the appointed time, before you are dismissed at 10:15 pm.

To Do List

  • Read:
    • Chapter 5: Buddhism
  • View the Other Preparation Materials

  • View the lectures contained in the course shell

  • Participate in the Discussion titled "Noble Action, Sacred Call, or Desire"

  • Complete and submit the World View Chart Assignment
What's Buddhist about Socially Engaged Buddhism?

David R. Loy
 
http://www.zen-occidental.net/articles1/loy12-english.html

Hinduism

Buddhism

Daoism - Confucianism


Vocabulary:

Theos

Poly - many gods

Panentheistic - divine presence

Pantheist - Nature itself is divine

Non-theist - personal God is irrelevant

Deistic - Creator God but uninvolved with creation

Monotheistic - One Supreme God

Good & evil, yin and yang

Free will - ability to choose

Lecture 1

Join Strayer professor Dr. Meg Rinck as she discusses the second column of the World View Chart: What a religion states are the characteristics of their God/Ultimate Reality.

The Nature of God

https://blackboard.strayer.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/REL/212/1152/Week%203/Lecture%201/lecture.html

Lecture 2

Old, sick, dead

4 Laws of Buddhism

Eight-fold path

Please watch this video describing the history of the Buddha.

https://blackboard.strayer.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/REL/212/1152/Week%203/Lecture%202/lecture.html

Buddhism, Week 3

Buddhism Review

https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/arts-humanities-partners/asian-art-museum/aam-buddhism-topic



Group Activities



A. Keep in mind your definition of religion.

Review Activities for Week 3

B. "Why are people religious?”

C. What examples can you find of the music you listen to that reflects various perceptions of the sacred, or ultimacy. I can play a few examples and discuss how they reflect religion. You may also bring a few of your favorite songs that are not so obviously religious, but which raise religious issues.

D. "Beyond the Sound Bites:"

Bring to class at least one article from a recent newspaper, magazine, or Internet story that reflects the roles of religion in modern society. A few students may present their articles to the class. The task will also serve as the basis for a preliminary discussion of the coverage of religion by the popular media.

Seattle mayor offers plan to help followers of Sharia law buy houses http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2015/07/seattle-mayor-offers-plan-to-help-followers-of.html

New Ties Emerge Between Clinton And Mysterious Islamic Cleric http://dailycaller.com/2016/07/13/new-ties-emerge-between-clinton-and-mysterious-islamic-cleric/#ixzz4EtNnViQW
Erdogan, Turkey
Fethullah Gulen

1857 Mt. Eaton Road, Saylorsburg, PA

Hospital Refuses to Release Medical Records of Five-Year-Old Idaho Victim Raped By Muslim Migrants http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/07/16/exclusive-hospital-refuses-to-release-medical-records-of-five-year-old-idaho-victim-raped-by-muslim-migrants/

28 Pages: Saudis Killed Americans on 9/11 https://www.scribd.com/document/318410207/28-pages#from_embed

Baton Rouge Shooter


p. 18
Absolutist and liberal responses to modernity

Is religion violent, or, at least, conflict-ridden?

Why do some people resist "the Other," or reject those of another faith?



Those who resist contemporary influences and affirm what they perceive as the historical core of their religion could be called absolutists. . . . They may encourage antipathy or even violence against people of other religious traditions (p. 18)."


Key Terms
Absolutist
Immanent
Redaction
Agnosticism
Incarnation
Religion
Allegory
Intelligent design
Ritual
Atheism
Liberal
Sacred
Awakening
Metaphysics
Scientific materialism
Charisma
Monotheism
Secularism
Comparative religion
Mysticism
Spirituality
Creationism
Myth
Symbol
Dogma
Orthodox
Theism
Enlightenment
Phenomenology
Transcendent
Exclusivism
Polytheism
Universalism
Fundamentalism
Profane
Gnosis
Realization


Bodh Gaya: center of the Buddhist world, 3:00

https://youtu.be/qk-9Ez3xICY







Read: Chapter 5: Buddha

https://www.librarything.com/catalog/gmicksmith&collection=-1&deepsearch=Buddha

Buddhism

https://www.librarything.com/catalog/gmicksmith&collection=-1&deepsearch=Buddhism
Buddha/Buddhism References:

The Teachings of the Compassionate Buddha by E. A. Burtt, NAL Trade (2000).

Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism by Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, Harper Torchbooks (1964).

Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse, Other authors: Hilda Rosner (Translator), New Directions Publishing Corporation (1951).

Buddhism: Its Essence & Development by Edward Conze, Harper (1975).
For Theravada:

Buddhism in Translations by Henry Clarke Warren, Atheneum Publishers (1970).

4. The Birth of the Buddha, pp. 46-47

Here is the story of how the Buddha, at birth, announced himself.

https://archive.org/stream/buddhismintrans03warrgoog#page/n78/mode/2up/search/46

13. Questions Which Tend Not for Edification, pp. 120-121

This relates how the Buddha answered questions when he did not always provide the answers.

For Mahayana:

https://www.librarything.com/catalog/gmicksmith&collection=-1&deepsearch=Mahayana
Selected Writings of Nichiren by Philip Yampolsky, Columbia University Press (1990).

The Lotus Sutra in Japanese Culture by George Joji Tanabe, Other authors: Willa Jane Tanabe, University of Hawaii Press (1989).

The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch by Hui-neng, Other authors: Philip Yampolsky (Translator), Columbia University Press (1978).

And, obviously, for Nagarjuna (below).

Nagarjuna: The Philosophy of the Middle Way (SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies) by David J. Kalupahana, State Univ of New York Pr (1986).

Zen Buddhism by Daisetz T. Suzuki, Other authors: William Barrett, Three Leaves (1996).

Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma: The Lotus Sutra (Records of Civilization: Sources and Studies) by Leon Hurvitz, Columbia University Press (1976).

Buddhist Religions: A Historical Introduction (Religious Life in History) by Richard H. Robinson, Other authors: Willard L. Johnson, Thanissaro Bhikkhu, Wadsworth Publishing (2004).

Dhammapada by P. Lal, Farrar Straus Giroux (1967).

Zen Flesh Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-zen Writings by Paul Reps, Other authors: Nyogen Senzaki, Tuttle Publishing (1998).

p. 18, #14

Muddy Road

This is an interesting tale about monks and females and how to treat them.

“14. Muddy Road

Tanzan and Ekido were once traveling together down a muddy road. A heavy rain was still falling.

Coming around a bend, they met a lovely girl in a silk kimono and sash, unble to cross the intersection.

"Come on, girl," said Tanzan at once. Lifting her in his arms, he carriedher over the mud.

Ekido did not speak again until that night when they reached a lodging temple. Then he could no longer restrain himself. "We monks don't go near females," he told Tanzan, "especially not young and lovely ones. It is dangerous. Why did you do that?"

"I left the girl there," said Tanzan. "Are you still carrying her?”

Nyogen Senzaki, Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings 

The Buddhist Tradition: In India, China and Japan by William Theodore De Bary, Vintage (1972).
Buddhist Texts Through the Ages (Oneworld Classics in Religious Studies) by Edward Conze, Oneworld Publications (1995).

Nagarjuna:

Nagarjuna: The Philosophy of the Middle Way (SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies) by David J. Kalupahana, State Univ of New York Pr (1986).

Buddhism FisherBriefPPT_Ch5_JAT.ppt


Key Terms in Buddhism:













  • anatman:  the state of non-soulness that, according to the Buddha, was the natural state of humanity
  • arhat:  state of sainthood in Buddhism
  • Dalai Lama:  Leader of Tibetan Buddhism and, until 1950, the spiritual and political ruler of Tibet
  • koan:  literally means, "case study"; a riddle, tale, or short statement used by Zen masters to bring students to sudden insight
  • Mahayana:  literally means, "the expansive way," or "the big raft"; the largest branch of Buddhism
  • Nirvana:  literally means, "blowing out," or "extinguish"; cessation of human individuality and suffering
  • Pure Land Buddhism:  version of Mahayana Buddhism popular in Japan; it teaches that its devotees can achieve a paradise, called the 'Pure Land of the West,' after their deaths
  • Sangha:  Buddhist monastic order
  • tanha:  desire, thirst, or craving; a concept identified by Buddha as that which causes suffering
  • Theravada:  literally means, "the tradition of the elders"; the smaller branch of Buddhism
  • Zen Buddhism:  Form of Mahayana Buddhism that teaches that the real truth about life comes from intuitive flashes of insight


  • Buddhism Overview

    Brief History, Contemporary Situation, Geographical History, Basic Tenets & Practices, and Sacred Texts.

    Yes

    Buddhism A Separate Peace: Basic Principles

    1:11

    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/religion/MRK/videos/myreligionkit/BasicPrinciples_MyLab.html

    Yes

    Bodhi Tree, :47

    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/religion/MRK/videos/myreligionkit/BodhiTree_MyLab.html

    Lord Buddha Stories - The Life of Buddha - Beginning of the Journey - Animated Stories for Kids, 6:45
    Buddha stories, stories for children, the life of buddha, kids stories, stories for kids, short stories for kids, animation cartoon, moral stories,animation stories, animated cartoon stories, bedtime stories..

    Lord Buddha Stories - Beginning of Journey -
    The calm and compassionate face of the Buddha is known all over the world. Buddha was a spiritual teacher of ancient India whose ideas on freeing mankind from sorrow and suffering form the basis of Buddhism. Buddha was born in the sixth century BC., into a royal family. Known as Siddhartha, he realized that human life was short and full of sadness. He found out a path to Enlightenment and spiritual fulfillment. He was then known as the Buddha,which means "Enlightened One". For the rest of his life, the Buddha travelled great distances teaching people about the "MIDDLE PATH", the way to end to suffering. He taught the four Noble Truths of suffering, cause of suffering, end of suffering, and the Path to do that. Buddhism offers hope and access to spiritual understanding and satisfaction to everybody. Throughout the world today, people still follow the teaching of the Buddha.
    Siddhartha encounters four unexpected sights which make him think of a way out of the sorrowful world.

    Subscribe to the KidsAnimations Youtube Channel -
    https://www.youtube.com/user/kidsanim...

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    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpJS6...

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    https://www.facebook.com/superaudioma...

    Playlists
    Tales of Ganesha -
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hJvD...

    Hitopadesha Tales -
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10dFG...

    Akbar and Birbal Stories -
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRgT...

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    http://youtu.be/uR8uK2iWSHE



    Masterpiece: The Buddha Triumphing over Mara
     
    The main figure in this stone sculpture from the 900s shows many characteristic features of images of the Buddha. Here we see elements that tell us we're in the presence of the Buddha as he was on the threshold of achieving enlightenment. Above his head are branches of heart-shaped leaves. They indicate the sacred bodhi tree, under which he is said to have attained enlightenment some 2,500 years ago, 3:05

    https://youtu.be/lA8pSpp-FS4



    View the Other Preparation Materials

    View the lectures contained in the course shell

    Participate in the Discussion titled "Noble Action, Sacred Call, or Desire"

    Complete and submit the World View Chart Assignment



    Standing Buddha statue at the Tokyo National Museum. One of the earliest known representations of the Buddha, 1st–2nd century CE.

    Yes
    Buddhism A Separate Peace: Beginnings of Buddhism, :34

    Brief introduction to the origin of Buddhism and its expansion into many countries.

    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/religion/MRK/videos/myreligionkit/BeginningsofBuddhism_MyLab.html

    Buddhism India


    A short documentary on the stupa, a hemispherical mound that represents the burial mound of the Buddha, 4:29

    https://youtu.be/NJsLHcL3Bvs





    Yes
    Theravada, :56


    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/religion/MRK/videos/myreligionkit/Theraveda_MyLab.html

    Tamil Muslims (Tamil: தமிழ் முஸ்லிம்கள், tamiḻ muslimgal) are Tamil-speaking people with Islam as their faith. There are about 3 to 4 million Tamil Muslims in India mostly in Tamil Nadu state and also in neighbouring Kerala. A significant Tamil-speaking Muslim population numbering 1.8 million or more live in the Northern, Eastern provinces and Colombo in Sri Lanka and many other pockets across central, southwest provinces; however they are listed as a separate ethnic group in official statistics. There are around 500,000 in Malaysia and 20,000 in Singapore. Tamil Muslims are largely urban traders rather than farmers. There is a substantial diaspora of Tamil Muslims, particularly in South East Asia, which has seen their presence as early as the 13th century. In the late 20th century, the diaspora expanded to the North America and Western Europe. They are called Cholias in Myanmar, Mamak in Malaysia and Rathas in South Africa.

    The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil: தமிழீழ விடுதலைப் புலிகள், Sinhala: දෙමළ ඊළාම් විමුක්ති කොටි Tamiḻīḻa viṭutalaip pulikaḷ, commonly known as the LTTE or the Tamil Tigers) is a now defunct organisation that was based in northern Sri Lanka. Founded in May 1976 by Velupillai Prabhakaran, it waged a secessionist nationalist campaign to create an independent state in the north and east of Sri Lanka for Tamil people. This campaign evolved into the Sri Lankan Civil War, which ran from 1983 until 2009, when the LTTE was decisively defeated by the Sri Lankan Military under the leadership of President Mahinda Rajapaksa.


    At the height of its power, the LTTE possessed a well-developed militia and carried out many high-profile attacks, including the assassinations of several high-ranking Sri Lankan and Indian politicians. The LTTE was the only militant group to assassinate two world leaders: former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 and Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa in 1993.

    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/religion/MRK/videos/myreligionkit/Theraveda_MyLab.html

    Theravada
    East Asian Religious Zones


    Korean Buddhist art
     
    This video documents the creation of a Buddhist painting by the monk artist, Seol-min (formerly known as Jae-u), who has dedicated her life to keeping the tradition of Buddhist painting alive. Learn more about Korean Buddhism on education.asianart.org. 5:31

    https://youtu.be/thvh5PdR6yM

     

    Zen Mystical Spirit of the East: Thich Nhat Hahn, 1:09

    Zen master Thich Nhat Hanh identifies the goal of mindfulness practice--to be present in the here and now--and the video depicts a scene of meditation at Plum Village monastery in France.

    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/religion/MRK/videos/myreligionkit/ThichNhatHahn_MyLab.html


    An introduction to Zen, a form of Buddhism that emphasizes seeking one's own Buddha nature through meditation. Learn more about Buddhism in Japan on the education.asianart.org. 3:21

    https://youtu.be/_WAi2fwUqN4



    Mystical Spirit of the East: Dalai Lama, :31

    The Dalai Lama states his conviction that all world religions have the same potential to transform humanity for the better

    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/religion/MRK/videos/myreligionkit/DalaiLama_MyLab.html

    Recommended Readings

    Buddhism

    https://www.librarything.com/catalog/gmicksmith&collection=-1&deepsearch=Buddhism
    Hagen, Steve, Buddhism is Not What You Think. While there are many texts that introduce the basic beliefs and concepts of Buddhism, this reading takes the opposite tack: correcting common misunderstandings and misperceptions of the faith.

    Hanh, Thich Nhat, The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching. Thich Nhat Hanh is one of the most recognized Buddhists in the world, and is widely commended for his ability to apply Buddhist principles to the modern world.

    Payutto, Prayudh A., Buddhist Economics. Payutto presents a Buddhist perspective on economics.
    Smith, Huston and Novak, Phillip, Buddhism. This reading introduces Vipassana, or Theravadin meditation, and provides a good introduction to one of the unique aspects of Theravada Buddhism.

    Activities


     

    1. Think about the role that desire plays in your everyday actions and long-­term life goals. Then, try to imagine what it would be like to live a life in which one did not make decisions and act on the basis of desires.

     

    2. Spend 10 minutes in class trying a simple meditation exercise. You will sit quietly and simply try to identify everything that goes on in your mind. Then, we will find whether you found you had control over your thoughts, and what it would take to be able to control the mind.


    After we have meditated as a class, we will see a display of the Buddhist control of the mind which actually ties into the American involvement in Vietnam.

    Buddhist Monk - self immolation, 5:18

    http://youtu.be/E37cMtCrKoA

    June 11, 1963, Thich Quang Duc, a Buddhist monk from Vietnam, burned himself to death at a busy intersection in downtown Saigon to bring attention to the repressive policies of the Diem regime that controlled the South Vietnamese government at the time. Buddhist monks asked the regime to lift its ban on flying the traditional Buddhist flag, to grant Buddhism the same rights as Catholicism, to stop detaining Buddhists and to give Buddhist monks and nuns the right to practice and spread their religion.
    As he burned he never moved a muscle, never uttered a sound.



    Buddhism is a nontheistic religion that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha, meaning "the awakened one". According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving by way of understanding and the seeing of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths, with the ultimate goal of attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way).


    Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar etc.). Mahayana is found throughout East Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan etc.) and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai). In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, with a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana.

    Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. One consistent belief held by all Buddhist schools is the lack of a Creator deity. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking "refuge in the triple gem" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices may include following ethical precepts; support of the monastic community; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.




    Origin of All Things
    THE CREATION STORY OF HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM, 1:06

    http://youtu.be/8sm07vbY1OA



    Nature of God

    How does the concept of God figures in Buddhism">How does the concept of God figure in Buddhism? 3:43

    Some people say Buddhism is an atheistic religion. Is it true? This clip attempts to discuss this topic on the concept of God in Buddhism. Ven. Dr. H. Gunaratana and Ven. Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda gives concise but accurate explanation into this contentious issue. This video production attempts to discuss various questions that Buddhists and non-Buddhists ask about the Teachings of the Enlightened One and how to practise these teachings in the modern world. Although Buddhism is the religion of nearly one fifth of the world's population, there are many misunderstandings about its Doctrine and Practice. The most Venerable Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda Nayaka Maha Thera together with Ven. Dr, H. Gunaratana, Ven. K. Wimalajothi and Ven. Wimala answered various questions put to them by a panel of well-known Buddhist leaders.


    http://youtu.be/_Iu4OLl82kQ



    View of Human Nature

    Nepal: Buddhism, Humanity and God -- English trailer, 2:21

    This documentary depicts the complex relationship among Buddhism, human beings and God. It is produced by faculty members and students in the Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong.

    What does man and God seek?

    http://youtu.be/JAg0uUsW9io




    View of Good and Evil

    Buddhism and the difference between good and evil, 6:55

    I follow a kind of Buddhism called "Pure Land", in Japanese 浄土真宗, and we say that everybody is looking for Happiness, nobody wants to suffer. The question is: what is happiness? Where does suffering come from? What should we do to achieve Happiness? What should we not do to avoid suffering?
    There is a clear distinction between happiness and suffering, between good and evil, they are not the same thing.

    According to Pure Land Buddhism, the very first thing Buddha Siddharta said soon after achieving Enlightenment was 人生は苦なり, "Life is suffering", all people in this world are suffering.

    There are 8 kinds of suffering, called 四苦八苦
    生苦 suffering of living
    病苦 suffering of disease
    老苦 suffering of getting old
    死苦 suffering of dying
    愛別離苦 suffering of losing loved ones
    怨憎会苦 suffering of meeting unpleasant ones
    求不得苦 suffering of not obtaining things
    五陰盛苦 suffering of having a physical body

    What should we do to achieve Happiness and avoid suffering?
    According to Buddhism we must follow the Principle of Cause and Effect.
    The Principle of Cause and Effect says 善因善果, 善因 meaning good cause, 善果 meaning good results. If we do good actions we will receive good results. If we do good actions we will receive Happiness. It also says 悪因悪果, 悪因 meaning bad cause, 悪果 meaning bad results. If we do evil actions we will receive evil results. If we do evil actions we will receive suffering.

    What is a good action and what is an evil action?
    A good action is unselfish. Its purpose is to make other people happy, to bring Happiness to other people, to give Happiness to other people.
    In Japanese this is called 自利利他(jiririta).
    An evil action is selfish. Its purpose is to make oneself happy. In Japanese it is called 我利我利亡者(garigari moja).

    That is also the difference between Buddhas and humans.

    Buddhas, like anyone else, also want Happiness, they don't want to suffer.

    According to the Principle of Cause and Effect ,the only way to receive Happiness, is by giving Happiness. If you give Happiness you will receive Happiness. If you give suffering, you will receive suffering, you receive what you give, that is what the Principle of Cause and Effect says.

    Buddhas are completely unselfish because they know and follow the Principle of Cause and Effect.

    Buddhas will do anything to make other people happy, even sacrificing their own lives. They are not afraid of dying, they are not afraid of anything. Buddhas are completely fearless. The fear of death is the worst of all sufferings, and by overcoming the worst of all sufferings, Buddhas have overcome all kinds of sufferings. By overcoming death, Buddhas have become immortal, never to experience the suffering of death again.

    Human beings, on the other hand, are selfish, they think only about themselves, they want things for themselves, they want money, they want fortune, they want family, and they will do anything to "defend" their money, their fortune, their family, their lives.

    Human beings are afraid of dying, they will do anything to "defend" their own lives, they will even kill other people .

    Because human beings are afraid of death, they are afraid of anything, they live in constant fear. Everything human beings do is to try to avoid death. Human beings pursue money because they are afraid of dying. But all the money in the world cannot stop death, humans don't become immortal just by having money.
    The world after death is decided by our own actions.

    Selfish people will go to a selfish world. Unselfish people will go to an unselfish world. The future is the continuation of the present. The future is the result of the present.

    If you are selfish, after death, you will go to a world of people just like you, selfish, coward, suspicious, afraid of dying, ready to do to anything to "defend" their own lives, even kill other people. This world in Buddhism is called 地獄 (jigoku), translated as hell.

    If you are unselfish, after death, you will go to a world of people just like you, unselfish, courageous, fearless, people who think about you, who care about you, who will do anything to make you happy, even sacrificing their own lives. This world in Buddhism is called 極楽(gokuraku), the buddhist paradise.

    The very first step in Buddhism is to follow the Principle of Cause and Effect and do 廃悪修善(haiaku shuzen), to stop doing evil deeds, and do good deeds.

    http://youtu.be/qKmB_8r5dys



    View of "Salvation"

    Buddhist Path to Salvation.wmv, 4:42

    http://youtu.be/qltNTIWGU9I



    View of After Life

    Concept of Heaven and Hell in Buddhism, 4:07

    This Q&A is part of a presentation held in 1997 at the Buddhist Missionary Society, KL.

    Although Buddhism is the religion of nearly one fifth of the world's population, there are many misunderstandings about its Doctrine and Practice. The most Venerable Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda Nayaka Maha Thera together with Ven. Dr, H. Gunaratana, Ven. K. Wimalajothi and Ven. Wimala answered various questions put to them by a panel of well-known Buddhist leaders.

    What is the concept of Heaven and Hell in Buddhism? Answers are provided here by Ven. Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda together with Ven. Dr. H. Gunaratana.

    http://youtu.be/LFJVYL-me_c



    Practices and Rituals

    Buddhism Today-Types of Buddhist rituals in Thailand, 4:12

    http://youtu.be/-SwC9mZnF0s
    \
     


    Vajrayana 1:03

    http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/religion/MRK/videos/myreligionkit/Vajrayana_MyLab.html

    Celebrations and Festivals

    REFERENCES

    Buddhism and the Modern World
    Buddhist Monk - self immolation, 5:18
    http://youtu.be/E37cMtCrKoA
    June 11, 1963, Thich Quang Duc, a Buddhist monk from Vietnam, burned himself to death at a busy intersection in downtown Saigon to bring attention to the repressive policies of the Diem regime that controlled the South Vietnamese government at the time. Buddhist monks asked the regime to lift its ban on flying the traditional Buddhist flag, to grant Buddhism the same rights as Catholicism, to stop detaining Buddhists and to give Buddhist monks and nuns the right to practice and spread their religion.
    As he burned he never moved a muscle, never uttered a sound.



    Tibetan Buddhist Monks - Relaxing Music, 44:13
    http://youtu.be/M507436kl4Q



    Carry On My Wayward Son Kansas Lyrics, 5:28
    • This was written by Kansas guitarist Kerry Livgren. According to Livgren, the song was not written to express anything specifically religious, though it certainly expresses spiritual searching and other ideas.

      Livgren became an evangelical Christian in 1980, and has said that his songwriting to that point was all about "searching." Regarding this song, he explained: "I felt a profound urge to 'Carry On' and continue the search. I saw myself as the 'Wayward Son,' alienated from the ultimate reality, and yet striving to know it or him. The positive note at the end ('Surely heaven waits for you') seemed strange and premature, but I felt impelled to include it in the lyrics. It proved to be prophetic."
    • This song can be seen as the continuation of the last song of Kansas' previous album Masque. As stated in the last verse of "The Pinnacle":
      "I stood where no man goes/Above the din I rose
      Life is amusing though we are losing
      Drowned in tears of awe..."

      By definition in the Cambridge dictionary, "Din" is a loud unpleasant confused noise which lasts for a long time. The first line of "Carry On Wayward Son" is: "Once I rose above the noise and confusion." (thanks, Rich - Trenton, NJ)
    • This was the group's first major hit, and like their next one, "Dust In The Wind," it was a last minute addition to the album. Kerry Livgren wrote the song just two days before they started recording Leftoverture. At that point, the band was polishing the songs they had, not bringing in new ones. "I've got one more song that you might want to hear," he told the band, and when he played "Carry On," they knew it was a hit and made it the lead track on the album.
    • The a cappella vocals in the beginning of this song gave it a very distinctive intro. This worked well on Rock radio stations where disc jockeys rarely talked over the music.
    • This song has appeared in several movies, including Heroes (1977), Happy Gilmore (1996) and Anchorman - The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004).
    • The Oak Ridge Boys recorded this for the album When Pigs Fly: Songs You Never Thought You'd Hear. Cevin Soling, who put the compilation together, said: "The Oak Ridge Boys, I wanted them to do Nine Inch Nails' 'Closer,' and I had this wonderful arrangement worked out... this very 'Elvira' Country version of the Nine Inch Nails' 'Closer,' with all the doo-wops and poppa oom maus and everything. I could not wait to get them in the studio to work on that. I had alternate lyrics, you know, but they were still uncomfortable with doing that. So that kind of went back and forth and somehow "Wayward Son" got thrown out there. I don't remember exactly who picked that one, but generally I'd give the artist a few choices and they sort of pick among them." (Check out our interview with Cevin Soling.)
    • This song is featured in the South Park episode "Guitar Queer-O." In the episode, Stan and Kyle become obsessed with the video game Guitar Hero and often play to "Carry On Wayward Son." The song is played throughout the episode. (thanks, Matthew - Hawthorne, NJ)
    http://youtu.be/o3T7-VbfYLU



    Steely Dan - Bodhisattva (With Lyrics), 5:18

    Steely Dan - Bodhisattva

    Bodhisattva
    Would you take me by the hand
    Bodhisattva
    Would you take me by the hand
    Can you show me
    The shine of your Japan
    The sparkle of your china
    Can you show me
    Bodhisattva
    Bodhisattva
    I'm gonna sell my house in town
    Bodhisattva
    I'm gonna sell my house in town
    And I'll be there
    To shine in your Japan
    To sparkle in your China
    Yes I'll be there
    Bodhisattva

    http://youtu.be/LGdyVnW86SY



    Buddhist Meditation Music for Positive Energy: Buddhist Thai Monks ... ▶ 2:01:28

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDCS19EOsrA Dec 11, 2014 - Uploaded by NuMeditationMusic Buddhist Meditation Music for Positive Energy: Buddhist Thai Monks ... Buddhism is not a religion but a ...

    How a Prince Became the Buddha, 10:49

    https://youtu.be/bj7VMsfqCWc



    Buddhist Music
    https://youtu.be/ABy95341Dto