Ch. 26 WW I and the Russian Revolution: 1914-1924

Chapter 26 World War I and the Russian Revolution: 1914–1924

Section 1 The Great War Begins

Terms, People, and Places

entente

militarism

Alsace and Lorraine

ultimatum

mobilize

neutrality

Note Taking

Checkpoint (s)

What two large alliances took shape before the beginning of World War I?

How did international competition and nationalism increase tensions in Europe?

What happened because of the assassination of Francis Ferdinand and his wife?

How did the alliance system deepen the original conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia into a general war?

Why were young men on both sides eager to fight when World War I started?

Map Skills

By 1914, most of Europe was divided into two armed camps, the Allies and the Central Powers. Millions of troops stood ready for war.

1. Locate

(a) Germany (b) Alsace-Lorraine (c) the Balkans (d) Serbia

2. Regions

Why would Germans worry about the alliance between France and Russia?

3. Synthesize Information

Based on the information on the map, which alliance do you think had the greater military advantage in 1914?

Biography
Kaiser William II
How did the kaiser’s desire for respect influence his policies?

HW, SECTION 1 Assessment

Reading Skill: Summarize

2. Use your completed chart to answer the Focus Question: Why and how did World War I begin in 1914?

Comprehension and Critical Thinking

Analyze Information

3. Why did European nations form alliances?

Identify Central Issues

4. Why might the Balkans be called the “powder keg of Europe”?

Recognize Causes

5. How did Austria’s government react to the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

Determine Relevance

6. What role did geography play in the outbreak of World War I?

EC: Writing About History

Section 2 A New Kind of War

Terms, People, and Places

stalemate

zeppelin

U-boat

convoy

Dardanelles

T. E. Lawrence

Note Taking

Checkpoint (s)

How did the Allies stop the Germans from executing the Schlieffen Plan?

What made World War I much more deadly than previous wars?

In what way was the Eastern Front different from the Western Front?

How did World War I affect the Ottoman empire and European colonies and dominions?

Map Skills

World War I was fought on several fronts in Europe. Despite huge loss of life and property, the two sides came to a stalemate on the Western and Eastern fronts in 1915 and 1916.

1. Locate

(a) Paris (b) Battle of the Marne (c) Verdun (d) Tannenberg

2. Movement

Using the scale, describe how the battle lines moved on the Western Front from 1914 to 1918.

3. Draw Inferences

Based on this map, why do you think many Russians were demoralized by the progress of the war?

Map Skills

From 1914 to 1918, the Ottoman empire struggled against enemies on multiple fronts.

Location

Given that Britain controlled Egypt at this time, describe how the Ottoman empire’s location affected what happened to it during World War I.

HW, SECTION 2 Assessment

Reading Skill: Identify Supporting Details

2. Use your chart and concept web to answer the Focus Question: How and where was World War I fought?

Comprehension and Critical Thinking

Draw Conclusions

3. Why did a stalemate develop on the Western Front?

Synthesize Information

4. Describe three ways in which technology affected the war.

Predict Consequences

5. Governments on both sides of World War I tried to keep full casualty figures and other bad news from reaching the public. What effect do you think news about disastrous defeats such as Tannenberg and Caporetto would have had on the attitudes of people back home?

Recognize Causes

6. How did nationalism within the Ottoman empire come into play during the war?

EC: Writing About History

Section 3 Winning the War

Terms, People, and Places

total war

conscription

contraband

the Lusitania

propaganda

atrocity

Fourteen Points

self-determination

armistice

Note Taking

Checkpoint (s)

Why was it important for both sides to keep civilian morale high during the war?

How did Russia’s loss of morale affect the strategic position of the Allies in World War I?

What are three factors that led the United States to enter the war?

Why did Germany ask the Allies for an armistice in November 1918?

Biography
Edith Cavell

Why do you think the British government spread the story of Edith Cavell?

HW, SECTION 3 Assessment

Reading Skill: Summarize

2. Use your completed outline to answer the Focus Question: How did the Allies win World War I?

Comprehension and Critical Thinking

Summarize

3. What measures did wartime governments take to control national economies and public opinion?

Recognize Effects

4. What impact did wartime failures have on Russia?

Draw Conclusions

5. Describe how the entry of United States into the war was a turning point.

Analyze Information

6. Reread the poem by Siegfried Sassoon. What does it suggest about the effects of trench warfare?

EC: Writing About History

Section 4 Making the Peace

Terms, People, and Places

pandemic

reparations

radicals

collective security

mandate

Note Taking

Checkpoint (s)

What were some of the human, economic, and political costs of the war?

How did the goals of the Big Three leaders conflict at the Paris Peace Conference?

Why were the German delegates surprised when they read the treaty?

Why did the League of Nations fail to accomplish Wilson’s dreams?

Note Taking

Reading Skill: Categorize

Map

Europe, 1914 Europe, 1920

Map Skills

The peace treaties that ended World War I redrew the map of Europe.

1. Locate

(a) Lithuania (b) Czechoslovakia (c) Yugoslavia (c) Poland (d) Danzig

2. Regions

Which countries lost territory in Eastern Europe?

3. Draw Conclusions

Why might the distribution of territory after World War I leave behind widespread dissatisfaction?

Analyzing Political Cartoons

This cartoon portrays one view of the peace treaties that ended World War I.

* The turkey symbolizes Germany.
* Britain holds a carving knife and fork, ready to carve the turkey.
* Other Allies await the feast.

1. What does carving up the turkey symbolize?

2. What attitude do you think that the cartoonist has towards the treaties?

HW, SECTION 4 Assessment

Reading Skill: Summarize

2. Use your completed concept web and table to answer the Focus Question: What factors influenced the peace treaties that ended World War I, and how did people react to the treaties?

Comprehension and Critical Thinking

Make Generalizations

3. Describe conditions in Europe after World War I.

Draw Conclusions

4. How did the peace treaties both follow and violate the principle of self-determination?

Draw Inferences

5. Wilson’s closest advisor wrote of the Paris Peace Conference, “there is much to approve and much to regret.” What do you think he might have approved? What might he have regretted?

EC: Writing About History

Section 5 Revolution and Civil War in Russia

Terms, People, and Places

proletariat

soviet

Cheka

commissar

Note Taking

Checkpoint (s)

What provoked the March Revolution?

Why did Germany want Lenin to return to Russia in 1917?

How were the Bolsheviks able to seize power from the provisional government?

How did the Red army defeat the White army to end the civil war?

How did the government and the economy under Lenin differ from “pure” communism?

Biography
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

How do you think Lenin’s early life affected his later political ideas?

HW, SECTION 5 Assessment

Reading Skill: Summarize

2. Use your completed timeline to answer the Focus Question: How did two revolutions and a civil war bring about Communist control of Russia?

Comprehension and Critical Thinking

Draw Conclusions

3. What were the causes of the March Revolution?

Recognize Ideologies

4. How did Lenin adapt Marxism to conditions in Russia?

Recognize Cause and Effect

5. What were the causes and effects of the civil war in Russia?

Recognize Effects

6. Why did Lenin compromise between the ideas of capitalism and communism in creating the NEP?

EC: Writing About History