Tuesday, March 29, 2011

Honors World History: 30 March 2011


Prayer

Beyond the Sound Bites (if time after Assessment):

Clear your desk except for a pencil. Once everyone is quiet, and no talking during the Test, we can begin. Be sure to put your name on the Test.

You may write on the Test itself.

If you finish early, you may take out non-class materials; once everyone is finished, put away the non-class materials. Then, I will collect the Test.

Be sure your name is on the Test.

If your name is not on the Test it will not be returned.


March Sadness: Couple Fights for Basketball Hoop

John McCafferty, 46, said the pole has been on the property since the 1950s, long before the Clear Zone law was enacted, and that he believes it is exempted from the law.

In any event, McCafferty said, the basketball hoop sits in a quiet cul-de-sac with little traffic and has never been a source of contention until now.

“It’s been there for 61 years, and it’s created no problem until this year,” he said.

The McCaffertys said they and other residents believe the controversy stems from an anonymous complaint from an elderly neighbor upset about having to slow down for kids playing in the neighborhood.

“This is obnoxious,” he said.

Make arrangements to take any Make-Ups needed.

Third Quarter Assessment Study Prep Page

Cf. http://shanawiki.wikispaces.com/Honors+World+History+II+Third+Quarter+Assessment+Study+Prep+Page+Spring+2011

Cf. http://moodle.catholicschools-phl.org

Cf. http://www.cueprompter.com/

The Philadelphia Inquirer is available.

URL: http://nie.philly.com
Click on the words "Access e-Inquirer" located on the gray toolbar underneath the green locker on the opening page.
Login:
Username: bshsinky@shanahan.org
Password: 10888

Cf. http://vozme.com/index.php?lang=en

Cf. http://www.xtranormal.com/

Cf. http://www.wordle.net/create

ABCya! Cf. http://www.abcya.com/word_clouds.htm

Or, http://www.glogster.com/login/

Cf. http://moodle.catholicschools-phl.org

Cf. http://www.cueprompter.com/

Cf. http://ant.umn.edu/vae.php

Chapter 16 War and Revolution 1914-1919

Chapter 16 Section 2 The War

The Home Front: The Impact of Total War

On total war the best reference is:

War Made New: Weapons, Warriors, and the Making of the Modern World by Max Boot, pp. 198-201.

The broad impact of the Industrial Revolution resulted in both gains and losses. There was more food, medicine, clothing, more of everything, yet, the new technologies extinguished "life as effectively as they could be used to support it" (Boot, p. 198).

The Industrial Revolution did not cause WW I yet indirectly it "fostered the rise of Germany" (Boot, p. 198). "The figures boggle the mind:

from 1914 to 1918, sixty three million were seriously wounded or disabled.

Millions of civilians also died. . . . they were many orders of magnitude greater than those of any previous conflict. Pre-industrial states could not possibly have fed, clothed, equipped, moved--or slaughtered--so many individuals. Germany and France had 20 percent of their populations under arms. Britain mobilized only 13 percent, but this was still far higher than the 7 percent that Napoleon had been able to marshal with the levee en masse" (Boot, p. 198). Each soldier in addition had far more firepower than an entire regiment possessed a century earlier.

Increased Government Powers

Planned economies were necessary to fuel the increased demands of total war (Boot, p. 199). The pre-industrial state was not equal to the task of equipping and arming such large armies that were required in modern warfare. Governments nationalized industries along with the cooperation of major private companies. In Britain, France, and Germany, military spending shot up 2,000 percent (Boot, p. 199).

Manipulation of Public Opinion

Public dissent was not encouraged. A military dictatorship controlled Germany but even in the liberty-loving U.S. antiwar activists such as the socialist Eugene Debs was subject to arrest and confinement (Boot, p. 199).

Total war also meant controlling public opinion. Even in democratic countries, special boards censored the press. Their aim was to keep complete casualty figures and other discouraging news from reaching the public. Government censors also restricted popular literature, historical writings, motion pictures, and the arts.

Both sides waged a propaganda war. Propaganda is the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause. Governments used propaganda to motivate military mobilization, especially in Britain before conscription started in 1916. In France and Germany, propaganda urged civilians to loan money to the government. Later in the war, Allied propaganda played up the brutality of Germany’s invasion of Belgium. The British and French press circulated tales of atrocities, horrible acts against innocent people. Although some atrocities did occur, often the stories were distorted by exaggerations or completely made up.

Total War and Women

Women gained more rights as they took jobs previously open only to men (Boot, p. 200). It is not surprising that not long after the war women were granted the right of suffrage.

Women played a critical role in total war. As millions of men left to fight, women took over their jobs and kept national economies going. Many women worked in war industries, manufacturing weapons and supplies. Others joined women’s branches of the armed forces. When food shortages threatened Britain, volunteers in the Women’s Land Army went to the fields to grow their nation’s food.

Nurses shared the dangers of the men whose wounds they tended. At aid stations close to the front lines, nurses often worked around the clock, especially after a big “push” brought a flood of casualties. In her diary, English nurse Vera Brittain describes sweating through 90-degree days in France, “stopping hemorrhages, replacing intestines, and draining and reinserting innumerable rubber tubes” with “gruesome human remnants heaped on the floor.”

War work gave women a new sense of pride and confidence. After the war, most women had to give up their jobs to men returning home. Still, they had challenged the idea that women could not handle demanding and dangerous jobs. In many countries, including Britain, Germany, and the United States, women’s support for the war effort helped them finally win the right to vote, after decades of struggle.

Laissez-faire economic structures did not survive World War I. Social hierarchies broke down under the transformation. Women were granted the right to vote. World War I is "a conflict that could never have been waged on such a titanic, transformative scale were it not for the changes in warfare that had occurred in the previous half-century. This was the bittersweet legacy of the Industrial Age (Boot, p. 201).

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the question.

5th, 8th

Reading Check

Summarizing

What was the effect of total war on ordinary citizens?

People in History

Edith Cavell

Like most ordinary people caught up in war, Edith Cavell (1865–1915) did not plan on becoming a hero. An English nurse, she was in charge of a hospital in Belgium. After the German invasion, Cavell cared for wounded soldiers on both sides. She also helped Allied soldiers escape to the Netherlands.

In 1915, the Germans arrested Cavell for spying. As she faced a firing squad, her last reported words were, “Standing as I do in view of God and Eternity, I realize that patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness toward anyone.” Why do you think the British government spread the story of Edith Cavell?

The Lusitania

Germany used U-boats to create its own blockade. In 1915, Germany declared that it would sink all ships carrying goods to Britain. In May 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the British liner Lusitania off the coast of Ireland. Almost 1,200 passengers were killed, including 128 Americans. Germany justified the attack, arguing that the Lusitania was carrying weapons. When American President Woodrow Wilson threatened to cut off diplomatic relations with Germany, though, Germany agreed to restrict its submarine campaign. Before attacking any ship, U-boats would surface and give warning, allowing neutral passengers to escape to lifeboats. Unrestricted submarine warfare stopped—for the moment.

Preview:

Section 3 The Russian Revolution

5th, 8th

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the questions.

World War I: Russian Revolution 4/4, 7:33

What nation drove Russia out of the war and signed an armistice with it?
What agitators worked tirelessly?
Who returned secretly?
On 7 November, who said the provisional government, democracy, ended?
Describe the conditions within Russia at this time.


Key Terms

soviets

war communism

Background to Revolution

“Mr. War Minister!

We, soldiers from various regiments,. . . ask you to end the war and its bloodshed at any cost…. If this is not done, then believe us when we say that we will take our weapons and head out for our own hearths to save our fathers, mothers, wives, and children from death by starvation (which is nigh). And if we cannot save them, then we’d rather die with them in our native lands then be killed, poisoned, or frozen to death somewhere and cast into the earth like a dog.”

—Letter from the front, 1917

Note Taking

Reading Skill: Summarize Copy the time line below and fill it in as you read this section. When you finish, write two sentences that summarize the information in your time line.
Beginnings of Upheaval

The year 1913 marked the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. Everywhere, Russians honored the tsar and his family. Tsarina Alexandra felt confident that the people loved Nicholas too much to ever threaten him. “They are constantly frightening the emperor with threats of revolution,” she told a friend, “and here,—you see it yourself—we need merely to show ourselves and at once their hearts are ours.”

Appearances were deceiving. In March 1917, the first of two revolutions would topple the Romanov dynasty and pave the way for even more radical changes.

The outbreak of war in 1914 fueled national pride and united Russians. Armies dashed to battle with enthusiasm. But like the Crimean and Russo-Japanese wars, World War I quickly strained Russian resources. Factories could not turn out enough supplies. The transportation system broke down, delivering only a trickle of crucial materials to the front. By 1915, many soldiers had no rifles and no ammunition. Badly equipped and poorly led, they died in staggering numbers. In 1915 alone, Russian casualties reached two million.

Vocabulary Builder

crucial—(kroo shul) adj. of vital importance

In a patriotic gesture, Nicholas II went to the front to take personal charge. The decision proved a disastrous blunder. The tsar was no more competent than many of his generals. Worse, he left domestic affairs to the tsarina, Alexandra. In Nicholas’ absence, Alexandra relied on the advice of Gregory Rasputin, an illiterate peasant and self-proclaimed “holy man.” The tsarina came to believe that Rasputin had miraculous powers after he helped her son, who suffered from hemophilia, a disorder in which any injury can result in uncontrollable bleeding.

Rasputin


By 1916, Rasputin’s influence over Alexandra had reached new heights and weakened confidence in the government. Fearing for the monarchy, a group of Russian nobles killed Rasputin on December 29, 1916.

The March Revolution

By March 1917, disasters on the battlefield, combined with food and fuel shortages on the home front, brought the monarchy to collapse. In St. Petersburg (renamed Petrograd during the war), workers were going on strike. Marchers, mostly women, surged through the streets, shouting, “Bread! Bread!” Troops refused to fire on the demonstrators, leaving the government helpless. Finally, on the advice of military and political leaders, the tsar abdicated.

Duma politicians then set up a provisional, or temporary, government. Middle-class liberals in the government began preparing a constitution for a new Russian republic. At the same time, they continued the war against Germany.

Outside the provisional government, revolutionary socialists plotted their own course. In Petrograd and other cities, they set up soviets, or councils of workers and soldiers. At first, the soviets worked democratically within the government. Before long, though, the Bolsheviks, a radical socialist group, took charge. The leader of the Bolsheviks was a determined revolutionary, V. I. Lenin.

The revolutions of March and November 1917 are known to Russians as the February and October revolutions. In 1917, Russia still used an old calendar, which was 13 days behind the one used in Western Europe. Russia adopted the Western calendar in 1918.

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the question.

Reading Check

Identifying

Develop a sequence of events leading to the March Revolution.

The Rise of Lenin

Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (ool yahn uf) was born in 1870 to a middle-class family. He adopted the name Lenin when he became a revolutionary. When he was 17, his older brother was arrested and hanged for plotting to kill the tsar. The execution branded his family as a threat to the state and made the young Vladimir hate the tsarist government.

A Brilliant Revolutionary

As a young man, Lenin read the works of Karl Marx and participated in student demonstrations. He spread Marxist ideas among factory workers along with other socialists, including Nadezhda Krupskaya (nah dyez duh kroop sky uh), the daughter of a poor noble family. In 1895, Lenin and Krupskaya were arrested and sent to Siberia. During their imprisonment, they were married. After their release, they went into exile in Switzerland. There they worked tirelessly to spread revolutionary ideas.

Lenin’s View of Marx

Lenin adapted Marxist ideas to fit Russian conditions. Marx had predicted that the industrial working class would rise spontaneously to overthrow capitalism. But Russia did not have a large urban proletariat. Instead, Lenin called for an elite group to lead the revolution and set up a “dictatorship of the proletariat.” Though this elite revolutionary party represented a small percentage of socialists, Lenin gave them the name Bolsheviks, meaning “majority.”

In Western Europe, many leading socialists had come to think that socialism could be achieved through gradual and moderate reforms such as higher wages, increased suffrage, and social welfare programs. A group of socialists in Russia, the Mensheviks, favored this approach. The Bolsheviks rejected it. To Lenin, reforms of this nature were merely capitalist tricks to repress the masses. Only revolution, he said, could bring about needed changes.

In March 1917, Lenin was still in exile. As Russia stumbled into revolution, Germany saw a chance to weaken its enemy by helping Lenin return home. Lenin rushed across Germany to the Russian frontier in a special train. He greeted a crowd of fellow exiles and activists with this cry: “Long live the worldwide Socialist revolution!”

Biography
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Lenin (1870–1924) was the son of a teacher and his wife who lived in a little town on the Volga River. Vladimir lived with his parents and five siblings in a rented wing of a large house. By all accounts it was a happy home. Vladimir excelled at school and looked up to his older brother Alexander. But when Vladimir was 16, his father died. When he was 17, his beloved brother Alexander was hanged for plotting to kill the tsar.

Still reeling from the death of his brother, Vladimir enrolled at Kazan University. There he met other discontented young people. They united to protest the lack of student freedom in the university. Within three months, Vladimir was expelled for his part in the demonstrations. How do you think Lenin’s early life affected his later political ideas?

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the question.

Reading Check

Examining

What was Lenin's plan when he arrived in Russia?

The Bolsheviks Seize Power

Lenin threw himself into the work of furthering the revolution. Another dynamic Marxist revolutionary, Leon Trotsky, helped lead the fight. To the hungry, war-weary Russian people, Lenin and the Bolsheviks promised “Peace, Land, and Bread.”

The Provisional Government’s Mistakes

Meanwhile, the provisional government, led by Alexander Kerensky, continued the war effort and failed to deal with land reform. Those decisions proved fatal. Most Russians were tired of war. Troops at the front were deserting in droves. Peasants wanted land, while city workers demanded an end to the desperate shortages. In July 1917, the government launched the disastrous Kerensky offensive against Germany. By November, according to one official report, the army was “a huge crowd of tired, poorly clad, poorly fed, embittered men.” Growing numbers of troops mutinied. Peasants seized land and drove off fearful landlords.

The Bolshevik Takeover

Conditions were ripe for the Bolsheviks to make their move. In November 1917, squads of Red Guards—armed factory workers—joined mutinous sailors from the Russian fleet in attacking the provisional government. In just a matter of days, Lenin’s forces overthrew the provisional government without a struggle.

The Bolsheviks quickly seized power in other cities. In Moscow, it took a week of fighting to blast the local government out of the walled Kremlin, the former tsarist center of government. Moscow became the Bolsheviks’ capital, and the Kremlin their headquarters.

“We shall now occupy ourselves in Russia in building up a proletarian socialist state,” declared Lenin. The Bolsheviks ended private ownership of land and distributed land to peasants. Workers were given control of the factories and mines. A new red flag with an entwined hammer and sickle symbolized union between workers and peasants. Throughout the land, millions thought they had at last gained control over their own lives. In fact, the Bolsheviks—renamed Communists—would soon become their new masters.

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the question.

Reading Check

Describing

What was the impact of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on Russia?

Civil War in Russia

After the Bolshevik Revolution, Lenin quickly sought peace with Germany. Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, giving up a huge chunk of its territory and its population. The cost of peace was extremely high, but the Communist leaders knew that they needed all their energy to defeat a collection of enemies at home. Russia’s withdrawal affected the hopes of both the Allies and the Central Powers, as you read in Section 3.
Vocabulary Builder

withdrawal—(with draw ul) n. the act of leaving

Opposing Forces

For three years, civil war raged between the “Reds,” as the Communists were known, and the counterrevolutionary “Whites.” The “White” armies were made up of tsarist imperial officers, Mensheviks, democrats, and others, all of whom were united only by their desire to defeat the Bolsheviks. Nationalist groups from many of the former empire’s non-Russian regions joined them in their fight. Poland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania broke free, but nationalists in Ukraine, the Caucasus, and Central Asia were eventually subdued.

The Allies intervened in the civil war. They hoped that the Whites might overthrow the Communists and support the fight against Germany. Britain, France, and the United States sent forces to help the Whites. Japan seized land in East Asia that tsarist Russia had once claimed. The Allied presence, however, did little to help the Whites. The Reds appealed to nationalism and urged Russians to drive out the foreigners. In the long run, the Allied invasion fed Communist distrust of the West.

Brutality was common in the civil war. Counterrevolutionary forces slaughtered captured Communists and tried to assassinate Lenin. The Communists shot the former tsar and tsarina and their five children in July 1918 to keep them from becoming a rallying symbol for counterrevolutionary forces.

Identifying

Who opposed the new Bolshevik regime?

Triumph of the Communists

The Communists used terror not only against the Whites, but also to control their own people. They organized the Cheka, a secret police force much like the tsar’s. The Cheka executed ordinary citizens, even if they were only suspected of taking action against the revolution. The Communists also set up a network of forced-labor camps in 1919—which grew under Stalin into the dreaded Gulag.

The Communists adopted a policy known as “war communism.” They took over banks, mines, factories, and railroads. Peasants in the countryside were forced to deliver almost all of their crops to feed the army and hungry people in the cities. Peasant laborers were drafted into the military or forced to work in factories.

Meanwhile, Trotsky turned the Red Army into an effective fighting force. He used former tsarist officers under the close watch of commissars, Communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure party loyalty. Trotsky’s passionate speeches roused soldiers to fight. So did the order to shoot every tenth man if a unit performed poorly.

The Reds’ position in the center of Russia gave them a strategic advantage. The White armies were forced to attack separately from all sides. They were never able to cooperate effectively with one another. By 1921, the Communists had managed to defeat their scattered foes.

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the question.

Reading Check

Contrasting

Why did the Red Army prevail over the White Army?

War and Revolution in Russia 1914 - 1921 by Dr Jonathan Smele

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml

Section 4 End of the War

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the questions.

Reading Check

Describing

What happened within Germany after the armistice?

Reading Check

Identifying

What clause in the Treaty of Versailles particularly angered the Germans?

Using Key Terms

p. 528, #1-9

Tanks, 1:46



Cassell Military Classics: Iron Fist: Classic Armoured Warfare by Bryan Perrett

References
One helpful animation is:

Animated Map: The Western Front, 1914 - 1918

Animated battle of the Somme

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_somme_map.shtml

Among other animations, you can view: Life in the Trenches

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/wwone_movies/index_embed.shtml

You can try your luck during several front line missions with

Trench warfare:

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/trenchwarfare.shtml

By the time the Yanks get involved there is a popular song which memorialized American involvement:

Cf. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/activities/songs/

American involvement in WW I, 4:11

The Great War #1, World War 1 Era Period Music and Pictures. WW 1 spanned from August of 1914 to November of 1918 and raged across the globe. The United States was officially involved in the war from April 1917 to the end.

The dough boys are nearly forgotten today in the shadow of World War 2, Vietnam and Iraq. Millions of American men and women, black and white, served our country in The Great War. This series of shorts shows the music of their time and photographs from the Great War.



Links

BBC Schools Links

GCSE Bitesize Revision - History
bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/
A secondary revision resource for GCSE exams covering the First World War.

The Bitesize series features audio clips from history and commentators:

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/

Standard Grade Bitesize Revision - History
bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/standard/history/
A secondary revision resource for Standard Grade covering the First World War.

BBC Sites

BBC History - World War One
bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/
This World War One site from BBC History features interactive movies, animations, feature articles and 3-d models.

One helpful animation is:

Animated Map: The Western Front, 1914 - 1918

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml

History Trail – How to do History
bbc.co.uk/history/lj/how_to_do_historylj/preview.shtml
Follow in the footsteps of professional historians and find out how they do history. Discover how postcards, council records, tapestries and people's memories of the past are all valuable sources for the historian.

Other Sites

Learning Curve – The Great War
http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/greatwar
This is a comprehensive offering from the Public Records Office, which tells the story of the First World War through six different source based investigations. It aims to show how the War developed and includes teachers' notes.

Spartacus Educational – The First World War
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm
Spartacus' World War One website offers a growing encyclopaedia of entries about the war, as well as links to other websites.

First World War.com - The war to end all wars
http://www.firstworldwar.com
This site gives a general overview of the First World War. It offers a collection of insightful feature articles, photos and footage, memoirs and diaries.

Spark Notes – World War 1 (1914-1918)
http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/ww1/
Gives a summary and commentary on each main study area of the First World War.

Art of the First World War
http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html
Presents 100 paintings from international collections from around the world to commemorate the First World War.

The World War One Document Archive
http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html
The World War One Document Archive presents primary documents concerning the Great War.

World War 1 - Web Links
http://www.historyteacher.net/APEuroCourse/WebLinks/WebLinks-WorldWar1.htm
This site lists links to in-depth articles on all aspects of the First World War, including a large collection of links to primary source material.

National Curriculum Online: History
http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/key-stages-3-and-4/subjects/history/index.aspx?return=/key-stages-3-and-4/subjects/index.aspx
Information about the National Curriculum for History, QCDA and DfEE schemes of work, pupils' work and information about standards and support materials.

QCDA History
http://www.qcda.gov.uk/6354.aspx
The Qualifications and Curriculum Development Authority (QCDA) History section.

Examine key issues with the help of original documents.

Cf. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/greatwar/g1/

The best overall war reference for the entire modern period:

War Made New: Weapons, Warriors, and the Making of the Modern World by Max Boot

All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque

Cassell Military Classics: Iron Fist: Classic Armoured Warfare by Bryan Perrett

Day of the Assassins: A Jack Christie Novel by Johnny O'Brien

War in the Air 1914-45 (Smithsonian History of Warfare) by Williamson Murray
The Encyclopedia of Warfare: The Changing Nature of Warfare From Prehistory to Modern-day Armed Conflicts by Robin Cross, pp. 170-193.

The Encyclopedia of Weaponry: The Development of Weaponry from Prehistory to 21st Century Warfare, Ian V. Hogg, pp. 112-139.

Battles and Campaigns (Mapping History) by Malcolm Swanston

A documentary about the battle of the Somme 1916 part 1, 9:58

H. W. Brands on Woodrow Wilson and the First World War, 9:32



War and Revolution in Russia 1914 - 1921 by Dr Jonathan Smele

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml

Review the causes of the Revolution

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/russia/

Find out more about the last imperial family of Tsarist Russia.

Cf. http://www.nicholasandalexandra.com/virtual1999/sitemap.html

Photo album of Tsar Nicholas II's Romanov family

Cf. http://www.alexanderpalace.org/romalbum/index.html

A profile of Lenin

Cf. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm

Cassell Military Classics: Iron Fist: Classic Armoured Warfare by Bryan Perrett

References
One helpful animation is:

Animated Map: The Western Front, 1914 - 1918

Animated battle of the Somme

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_somme_map.shtml

Among other animations, you can view: Life in the Trenches

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/wwone_movies/index_embed.shtml

You can try your luck during several front line missions with

Trench warfare:

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/trenchwarfare.shtml

By the time the Yanks get involved there is a popular song which memorialized American involvement:

Cf. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/activities/songs/

American involvement in WW I, 4:11

The Great War #1, World War 1 Era Period Music and Pictures. WW 1 spanned from August of 1914 to November of 1918 and raged across the globe. The United States was officially involved in the war from April 1917 to the end.

The dough boys are nearly forgotten today in the shadow of World War 2, Vietnam and Iraq. Millions of American men and women, black and white, served our country in The Great War. This series of shorts shows the music of their time and photographs from the Great War.



Links

BBC Schools Links

GCSE Bitesize Revision - History
bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/
A secondary revision resource for GCSE exams covering the First World War.

The Bitesize series features audio clips from history and commentators:

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/

Standard Grade Bitesize Revision - History
bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/standard/history/
A secondary revision resource for Standard Grade covering the First World War.

BBC Sites

BBC History - World War One
bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/
This World War One site from BBC History features interactive movies, animations, feature articles and 3-d models.

One helpful animation is:

Animated Map: The Western Front, 1914 - 1918

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml

History Trail – How to do History
bbc.co.uk/history/lj/how_to_do_historylj/preview.shtml
Follow in the footsteps of professional historians and find out how they do history. Discover how postcards, council records, tapestries and people's memories of the past are all valuable sources for the historian.

Other Sites

Learning Curve – The Great War
http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/greatwar
This is a comprehensive offering from the Public Records Office, which tells the story of the First World War through six different source based investigations. It aims to show how the War developed and includes teachers' notes.

Spartacus Educational – The First World War
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm
Spartacus' World War One website offers a growing encyclopaedia of entries about the war, as well as links to other websites.

First World War.com - The war to end all wars
http://www.firstworldwar.com
This site gives a general overview of the First World War. It offers a collection of insightful feature articles, photos and footage, memoirs and diaries.

Spark Notes – World War 1 (1914-1918)
http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/ww1/
Gives a summary and commentary on each main study area of the First World War.

Art of the First World War
http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html
Presents 100 paintings from international collections from around the world to commemorate the First World War.

The World War One Document Archive
http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html
The World War One Document Archive presents primary documents concerning the Great War.

World War 1 - Web Links
http://www.historyteacher.net/APEuroCourse/WebLinks/WebLinks-WorldWar1.htm
This site lists links to in-depth articles on all aspects of the First World War, including a large collection of links to primary source material.

National Curriculum Online: History
http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/key-stages-3-and-4/subjects/history/index.aspx?return=/key-stages-3-and-4/subjects/index.aspx
Information about the National Curriculum for History, QCDA and DfEE schemes of work, pupils' work and information about standards and support materials.

QCDA History
http://www.qcda.gov.uk/6354.aspx
The Qualifications and Curriculum Development Authority (QCDA) History section.

Examine key issues with the help of original documents.

Cf. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/greatwar/g1/

The best overall war reference for the entire modern period:

War Made New: Weapons, Warriors, and the Making of the Modern World by Max Boot

All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque

Cassell Military Classics: Iron Fist: Classic Armoured Warfare by Bryan Perrett

Day of the Assassins: A Jack Christie Novel by Johnny O'Brien

War in the Air 1914-45 (Smithsonian History of Warfare) by Williamson Murray
The Encyclopedia of Warfare: The Changing Nature of Warfare From Prehistory to Modern-day Armed Conflicts by Robin Cross, pp. 170-193.

The Encyclopedia of Weaponry: The Development of Weaponry from Prehistory to 21st Century Warfare, Ian V. Hogg, pp. 112-139.

Battles and Campaigns (Mapping History) by Malcolm Swanston

A documentary about the battle of the Somme 1916 part 1, 9:58


War and Revolution in Russia 1914 - 1921

By Dr Jonathan Smele

Cf. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml

References on Russia

References on Lenin

References on Marx

Soviet Pioneer Song: May There Always Be Sunshine, 3:04

This video is a tribute to Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union (1922 - 1991).

The Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union (Всесою́зная пионе́рская организа́ция и́мени) was a mass youth organization of the USSR for children of age 10-15 in the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991.

The music is a old soviet pioneer song from 1966.
English song name: "May There Always Be Sunshine"
Russian song name: "Пусть всегда будет солнце"
Official song name: "Солнечный круг"

May There Always Be Sunshine (Russian: Пусть всегда будет солнце! Actual Russian Title: Солнечный круг) is a Soviet Russian song, written for children. It was created in 1962, music was composed by Arkady Ostrovsky and the lyrics were written by Lev Oshanin. The Russian writer Korney Chukovsky later wrote in his book that the base for the song was the four lines which became the refrain, composed by a boy of age four in 1928.

Performed for the first time in 1962 at the Sopot International Song Festival by Russian singer Tamara Miansarova it earned the first prize for her there and immediately became widespread in the USSR and some other countries. It was sung by Young Pioneers in Young Pioneer camps, Young Pioneer meetings and at schools; it was sung by Little Octobrists at schools; it was sung even by pre-school children. This song was widely considered as a symbol of peace in the Soviet Union.

It is one of few Soviet songs which did not lose much of their popularity after the USSR and the Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union ceased to exist, and are still popular in Russia.

The song was translated into German by Ilse and Hans Naumilkat and Manfred Streubel (as Immer lebe die Sonne) and was popular among Ernst Thälmann Pioneers.

Lyrics:


Russian:

Солнечный круг,
Небо вокруг —
Это рисунок мальчишки.
Нарисовал он на листке
И подписал в уголке:
Припев:
— Пусть всегда будет солнце,
Пусть всегда будет небо,
Пусть всегда будет мама,
Пусть всегда буду я!


Russian (latin)

Solnechnyi krug,
Nebo vokrug —
Ehto risunok mal'chishki
Narisoval on na listke
I podpisal v ugolke:
Pripev:
— Pust' vsegda budet solntse,
Pust' vsegda budet nebo,
Pust' vsegda budet mama,
Pust' vsegda budu ya!


English:

Circle of sun,
Sky all around;
This is the young boy's drawing.
He drew on the paper,
And signed in the corner:
Chorus:
May there always be sun
May there always be sky,
May there always be mother,
May there always be me!


Back In The USSR: The Beatles, 2:43


A Rock version of the Russian National Anthem, 3:15


How To Take Effective Notes

p. 516, Reading Check

Identifying

Develop a sequence of events leading to the March Revolution.

World War I in Popular Culture

In 1966, the "Ace" was immortalized in song by the Royal Guardsmen with their hit, Snoopy Vs. The Red Baron. This was followed in 1967 by Return of the Red Baron, in which it is revealed that the Baron survived their previous encounter but runs away when Snoopy challenges him to a duel with pistols, and then by Snoopy's Christmas, in which the two foes temporarily set aside their differences for a Christmas toast, as per the Christmas Truces that occurred during World War I. Snoopy's Christmas continues to be played as a holiday favorite on many oldies radio stations.

During the 1968 U.S. Presidential election, the Guardsmen released two additional songs, "Snoopy for President", in which Snoopy's bid for the nomination of the Beagle party is tipped in his favor by the Red Baron, and "Down Behind the Lines", which does not mention Snoopy specifically but describes the attempts of a World War I pilot to fly his damaged Sopwith Camel back to friendly territory.

In 2006 the Guardsmen recorded a song called "Snoopy vs. Osama" in which Snoopy shifts his focus away from The Red Baron and captures Osama Bin Laden.

Snoopy vs. The Red Baron, 2:08

1st


1st, 8th

1966, The Royal Guardsmen - Snoopy vs. The Red Baron, 2:40

The group from Ocala, FL with the British moniker rose to fame in 1966 with its single, “Snoopy Vs. The Red Baron,” which became the title track of its debut album. The album reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart and remained there for 12 weeks. It went on to sell one million copies, earning it gold certification from the R.I.A.A. in 1967.

Reading Check

Identifying

Did the growth of nationalism in the first half of the nineteenth century lead to increased competition or increased cooperation among European nations?

Reading Check

Explaining

According to some historians, how might internal disorder have been one of the causes of World War I?

Test/Quiz Resources

Self-check Quiz on Chapter

Vocabulary eFlashcards

Academic Vocabulary

Combined

Content Vocabulary

People, Places and Events

All Quiet On The Western Front, 3:09

Time of Dying by Three Days Grace


The Chapter 13 Test Make-up page is available.

The Chapter 14 Test Prep page is available.

Cf.http://shanawiki.wikispaces.com/Honors+World+History+II+Chapter+14+Test+Prep+Page+Spring+2011

5th, 8th

Remy: Why They Fought, 2:19


Red Baron Until The Day I Die (Story Of The Year), 4:03


Third Quarter Assessment Study Prep Page

Cf. http://shanawiki.wikispaces.com/Honors+World+History+II+Third+Quarter+Assessment+Study+Prep+Page+Spring+2011

HW: email (or hard copy) me at gmsmith@shanahan.org.

Wednesday HW
1. p. 519, #7-9
Thursday HW
1. p. 520, #1-2; 2. p. 521, Preview Questions #1-2
Friday HW
1. p. 523, You Decide

Honors Business Economics: 30 March 2011

Prayer
Beyond the Sound Bites:

The Chapter 9 Section 2 Quiz Make-up is today.


March Madness makes nearly $700 million a year for the NCAA, but the players will never see a dime. Lowell Bergman talks to Hari Sreenivasan about his recent piece for Frontline that examines the money behind the NCAA.

Cost of Libya Intervention $600 Million for First Week, Pentagon Says.

The Chapter 9 Section 1 Quiz Make-up is today; all Chapter 9 Quizzes and Test will be recorded for the 4th Quarter, not this Quarter.


Standard feature:

The electronic edition of the Philadelphia Inquirer is available. We have the Sunday edition, available on Mondays, in addition to the Tuesday through Friday editions on the other days.

Please follow the steps below:

URL: http://nie.philly.com
Click on the words "Access e-Inquirer" located on the gray toolbar underneath the green locker on the opening page.
Login:
Username: bshsinky@shanahan.org
Password: 10888

Chapter 10: Government Spending

Higher Education

John Stossel: Is College Worth It? 7:26

What did Rachel have to do? Why?
How much in debt is Rachel?
What type of job did she take?
Did she need to go to college for her job?
In a survey, what percentage of students said they would not go to college?
How much is Chris in debt for college and grad school?
How much does Chris make an hour in his job?
How much in debt is Walter?
What do the graduating high school statistics show?
What do experts suggest as an alternative?
What drives college attendance?
What crushed the underpaid college graduates?


Other Expenditures

Local Government Expenditures

The Budget Process

Elementary and Secondary Education

Utilities

Public Safety and Health

Other Expenditures

10.2. Review

In-class assignment, with a partner, list the five largest federal government expenditures.

Case Study

Boeing Going Strong

Section 3: Deficits, Surpluses, and the National Debt

Deficit spending adds to the federal national debt. The national debt affects the distribution of income and transfers purchasing power from the private to the public sector. Attempts to control the deficit have taken the form of mandated deficit targets and pay-as-you-go provisions.

Content Vocabulary

deficit spending

Deficit Spending - Obama's Choice, 3:33

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the questions.

Increases in the budget increase what?
Increases in economic activity increases what?
Does consumer confidence increase economic activity?
Consumer confidence is also affected by the size of what?
Increases in the deficit results in what?
When you decrease the federal budget what happens?


national debt

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the questions.

Economics: Case Study: The U.S. National Debt (please note that this video is not that old but the debt figure was much lower), 4:34

What is the national debt?
What is the budget deficit?
GDP divided into debt, was, what percent?
How does this figure compare to other countries?
After World War II, and in the 1990s, what happened to the debt?


balanced budget

Mike Lee & Rand Paul (03.07.11), 6:35


trust funds

per capita

crowding-out effect

Crowding Out & Lags, 5:52

In-class assignment: with a partner, answer the questions.

Should we use fiscal policy?
What does the answer depend upon?
Define crowding out.
What does this mean?
What is the unintended consequence?
What is driven up as a result?
What three possibilities exist?
What is one more thing to consider?
What is this called?
What type of lags are there?
How do these lags relate to the business cycle?


"pay-as-you-go" provision

line-item veto

spending cap

entitlement

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the questions.

John Stossel - Government's Ponzi Scheme, 7:27

What is a bigger Ponzi scheme than Madoff?
Who will pay the entitlements when the baby boomers retire?
What does the graph show?
What can be done?
How does Obamacare add an entitlement?
Why are entitlements unsustainable?
What are Rep. Ryan's suggestions?


10.3 Strategy

In-class assignment, with a partner, list the various attempts by government to reduce the federal deficit and the national debt, then discuss the results.

From Deficits to Debt

Predicting the Deficit

Deficits Add to the Debt

A Growing Public Debt

Public vs. Private Debt

Impact of the National Debt

Transferring Purchasing Power

Reducing Economic Incentives

Crowding Out

Redistributing Income

Reducing Deficits and the Debt

Legislative Failures

Raising Revenues

Reducing Spending

10.3 Review

In-class assignment, with a partner, list five ways the national debt can affect the economy.

Profile in Economics

Alice Rivlin

In-class assignment, with a partner, answer the questions.

How to Fund Health Care Reform? - Alice Rivlin, 3:17

Is raising taxes a sufficient solution to fund health care?
What suggestion does Ms. Rivlin make?


Alice M. Rivlin is a Visiting Professor at the Public Policy Institute of Georgetown University and a Senior Fellow in the Economic Studies program at the Brookings Institution. She is the Director of the Greater Washington Research Program at Brookings. Before returning to Brookings, Ms. Rivlin served as Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve Board from 1996 to 1999. She was Director of the White House Office of Management and Budget from 1994 to 1996, and Deputy Director (1993-94). She also chaired the District of Columbia Financial Management Assistance Authority (1998-2001).

Ms. Rivlin was the founding Director of the Congressional Budget Office (1975-1983). She was director of the Economic Studies Program at Brookings (1983-1987). She also served at the Department of Health, Education and Welfare as Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (1968-69).

Chapter 10 Resources

Chapter 10: Government Spending Multiple Choice Quiz

Chapter 10: Government Spending ePuzzles and Games Column

Chapter 10: Government Spending Vocabulary eFlashcards

Chapter 10: Government Spending In Motion The Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 2007

Chapter 10: Government Spending In Motion State and Local Expenditures

Chapters 8-11

Cf. http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078747643/student_view0/unit3/

Chapter 9 Resources

Chapter 9: Sources of Government Revenue
Multiple Choice Quiz


Cf. http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078747643/student_view0/unit3/chapter9/self-check_quizzes.html

Ch. 9 Crossword Puzzle

Chapter 9 Flashcards

Chapter 10 Resources

Self-Check Quiz, Crossword, Vocabulary

Cf. http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078747643/student_view0/unit3/chapter10/

Preview

Chapter 11 Resources

Cf. http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078747643/student_view0/unit3/chapter11/chapter_overviews.html

Chapter 11: Financial Markets

Chapter Overviews

Section 1: Savings and the Financial System

People who save their money make it easier for businesses to spend, which in turn, produces economic growth. The role of saving in a financial system is the process that makes dollars available for others to invest. Financial assets—such as savings accounts, bonds, certificates of deposit (CDs), and many other types are issued by individuals, businesses, and governments. Another important group of financial intermediaries is called non-bank financial institutions—or non-depository institutions that also channel savings to borrowers. Finance companies, life insurance companies, and pension funds are examples of non-bank financial institutions. Finally, investors need to consider the following factors before investing their money: consistency, simplicity, risk-return relationship, and investment objectives.

Section 2: Financial Assets and Their Markets

When people decide to invest their money, they have many options. Some main investments include CDs, bonds, bills, and IRAs, all of which vary in cost, maturity, and risk. Financial assets are grouped into different markets depending on their maturity and liquidity. Financial assets are grouped into four different markets: capital market, money market, primary market, and secondary market.

Section 3: Investing in Equities and Options

Purchasing stocks is another form of investment. Equities, or stocks, are shares of common stocks that represent ownership of corporations. Many stocks are traded on organized exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, and the many regional exchanges around the country. Although, the great majority are traded on a computerized marketplace of organized dealers called the Over-the-Counter Market. Investors follow the Dow-Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) or the Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) to track the performance of stocks. Bull markets are strong markets with prices going up; bear markets are bad markets with prices going down. Investors who are not afraid of risk can also invest in futures and options if these suit their investment needs.

Chapter 11: Financial Markets
Student Web Activity

"The New York Stock Exchange"

Introduction
You have already learned that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious of the organized stock exchanges in the United States. It is located on Wall Street in New York City and like most other organized exchanges, has certain rules for both its members and the corporations listed on the Exchange. The NYSE lists stocks from over 3,000 companies who must meet stringent requirements related to profitability and size. These requirements virtually guarantee that the companies will be among the largest, most profitable, publicly held companies. In this activity, you will learn more about the NYSE as well as your role as an investor.

Destination Title: The New York Stock Exchange

Note: Clicking on the link above will launch a new browser window.
Need help using your browser for this activity? Click here for tips.

Directions
Start at the New York Stock Exchange's Education Web site.

Scroll down and click on the pdf called A Guide to the NYSE Marketplace.
From here, you will read several chapters from a guide to the Exchange and your role as an investor. Read the articles and answer the following questions.


1. Read Chapter 1, "The NYSE: At the Heart of Global Financial Markets." Why did Wall Street brokers form the Buttonwood Agreement?

2. Continue reading Chapter 1. Describe the role of the New York Stock Exchange as a world leader.

3. Next, scroll down and read Chapter 6, "Putting Your Money to Work." What are reasons that people invest in stocks and bonds?

4. Continue reading Chapter 6. What are examples of types of investments? If you had $500, what type of investment would you select? Why?

Figure 11.1 Overview of the Financial System

Cf. http://glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/socialstudies/in_motion_08/epp/EPP_p291.swf

Figure 11.2 The Power of Compound Interest

Cf. http://glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/socialstudies/in_motion_08/epp/EPP_p293.swf

Figure 11.7 How Much Money Will You Have at Retirement?

Wisconsin Labor Protests - Noodles, 1:36



The Rules of Good Sportsmanship in Games, Sports and in Life, 9:30

The public domain film, Good Sportsmanship (1950). How sportsmanship enriches daily living: a lesson for teens.
Producer: Coronet Instructional Films
Creative Commons license: Public Domain


After 4th Period Friday, be prepared for "pop" Quizzes on Chapter 9 material; and, of course, consider the 3rdQuarter Assessment Prep Page.

Cf. http://shanawiki.wikispaces.com/Honors+Business+Economics+Third+Quarter+Assessment+Study+Prep+Page+Spring+2011

Email (or hand in hard copy) to gmsmith@shanahan.org.

Wednesday HW
1. p. 275, #3-5
Thursday HW
1. p. 275, #6-8
Friday HW
1. p. 283, #2