Shakespeare
- Chapter 19 (pp. 650-656), selections 19.11a and 19.11b. Soliloquy defined on p. 653; review Week 10 Music Folder
Counter-Reform and Mannerism
- Chapter 20 (pp. 665-681), Mannerist art; (see also p. 591 in Chapter 17); review Week 10 Music folder
- Tintoretto's Last Supper at http://www.wga.hu/html_m/t/tintoret/5_1580s/3lastsup.html (click on the image to enlarge); also at Fig. 20.9 on p. 674
- Tintoretto’s Last Supper, video, at http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/jacopo-tintorettos-last-supper.html
- Chapter 14 (p. 491), Leonardo’s Last Supper (Fig. 14.25)
- Leonardo’s Last Supper at http://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/LeonardoLastSupper.htm
- Chapter 20 (pp. 678-680 with Fig. 20.16), "Last Supper" painting and Inquisition trial of the artist Veronese
- Trial of Veronese at http://members.efn.org/~acd/Veronese.html
MUSIC FOLDER
In this week's readings (chaps. 19 and 20), there are four musical compositions mentioned. These (or decent equivalents) can be found on YouTube or elsewhere on the internet. Watch and give these a listen. Here below are some background descriptions of each work--and the links to the YouTubes or online presentations (and sometimes other helps). --------------------------
Fyre and Lightning (by Thomas Morley) (Chap. 19, p. 650)
http://classical-music-online.net/en/production/11501 (The short lyrics are on p. 650.) Read carefully pp. 650-1 in chap. 19 before listening to this. Then, listen for the two voices copying each other in rapid succession. Morley wrote this secular madrigal around 1595 AD.
Verily, verily, I say unto you (by Thomas Tallis) (chap. 19, pp. 650-651)
http://vimeo.com/22477250 (Based on English translation of John 6:53-56; See lyrics at http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=12214; This next links shows lyrics and sheet music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaQ_DRvHqr8)
Read pp. 650-1 in chap. 19, and then give this a listen. This was composed by Thomas Tallis in the mid to late 1500s AD. This is an example of a verse anthem written for the Anglican Communion Service.
------------------------------- Missa Papae Marcelli, Credo (Palestrina) (chap. 20, pp. 665-667)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuDAOrd4mr8 (for Latin text and translation, go to http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dw.asp?dc=W747_66266 . Once there, click on the tab “Latin” and then by the tab “English” next to the listing of each movement—for movements 1 through 5b).
Read pp. 665-7 in chap. 20 carefully, then give this a listen. Missa Papae Marcelli means "Mass for Pope Marcellus" and was composed by Palestrina in 1567. The YouTube selection above shows a setting in Rome’s St. Peters Basilicas. Palestrina composed many works for Catholic masses; this polyphonic mass example fits very well the Counter-Reformation mandates of the Council of Trent. The Credo (=creed) is one section of the mass, and the words are based on the ancient Nicene Creed, a profession of faith.
Super Flumina Babylonis (Palestrina) (chap. 20, pp. 665-667) (based on a Psalm; see the Latin text with English translation of the Psalm at http://www.latinvulgate.com/verse.aspx?t=0&b=21&c=136)
Read pp. 665-667 in chap. 20 carefully, then give this a listen. Super Flumina Babylonis means "By the Rivers of Babylon", derived from Psalm 137 (=Psalm 136 in some versions of the Bible). This polyphonic motet was (and is) sung during Catholic worship. Palestrina composed it in 1581.
https://blackboard.strayer.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-18600943-dt-content-rid-103631370_4/institution/HUM/111/1154/Week8/WYLTKM-HenryVIII.html
https://blackboard.strayer.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-18600944-dt-content-rid-103631369_4/institution/HUM/111/1154/Week8/WYLTKM-ElizabethI.html
https://blackboard.strayer.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-18600945-dt-content-rid-103631372_4/institution/HUM/111/1154/Week9/WYLTKM-CounterReformation.html
19 England in the Tudor Age “THIS OTHER EDEN” 635
The Reign of Henry VIII 638
King Henry VIII (1491-1547) - Pt 3/3, 7:46
Episode 6 of the Channel Five series Kings & Queens, which looks at the life and reign of Henry VIII of England
The series looks at key monarchs in the history of England and gives some simplified facts about their reigns. This is a good series for those who have little prior knowledge of English history.
The series looks at key monarchs in the history of England and gives some simplified facts about their reigns. This is a good series for those who have little prior knowledge of English history.
https://youtu.be/s0t7jytTphM
Embedding disabled by request
Humanism in Tudor England: Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More 638
What Was Christian Humanism? AP Euro Bit by Bit #13, 7:52
In this episode, I introduce the Christian. or Northern, Renaissance Humanist movement of the 16th century. I discuss its characteristics and examine the ideas of its two biggest thinkers, Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More.
https://youtu.be/aVe3tgX0RNk
Hans Holbein and Portrait Painting 641
Hans Holbein's Art - The Younger, 3:14
Hans Holbein the Younger (c. 1498 — between 7 October and 29 November 1543) was a German artist and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style. He is best known as one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century. He also produced religious art, satire and Reformation propaganda, and made a significant contribution to the history of book design. He is called "the Younger" to distinguish him from his father, Hans Holbein the Elder, an accomplished painter of the Late Gothic school.
Born in Augsburg, Holbein worked mainly in Basel as a young artist. At first he painted murals and religious works and designed for stained glass windows and printed books. He also painted the occasional portrait, making his international mark with portraits of the humanist Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam. When the Reformation reached Basel, Holbein worked for reformist clients while continuing to serve traditional religious patrons. His Late Gothic style was enriched by artistic trends in Italy, France, and the Netherlands, as well as by Renaissance Humanism. The result was a combined aesthetic uniquely his own.
Holbein travelled to England in 1526 in search of work, with a recommendation from Erasmus. He was welcomed into the humanist circle of Thomas More, where he quickly built a high reputation. After returning to Basel for four years, he resumed his career in England in 1532. This time he worked for the twin founts of patronage, Anne Boleyn and Thomas Cromwell. By 1535, he was King's Painter to King Henry VIII. In this role, he produced not only portraits and festive decorations but designs for jewellery, plate, and other precious objects. His portraits of the royal family and nobles are a vivid record of a brilliant court in the momentous years when Henry was asserting his supremacy over the English church.
Holbein's art was prized from early in his career. The French poet and reformer Nicholas Bourbon dubbed him "the Apelles of our time". Holbein has also been described as a great "one-off" of art history, since he founded no school. After his death, some of his work was lost, but much was collected, and by the 19th century, Holbein was recognised among the great portrait masters. Recent exhibitions have also highlighted his versatility. He turned his fluid line to designs ranging from intricate jewellery to monumental frescoes. Holbein's art has sometimes been called realist, since he drew and painted with a rare precision. His portraits were renowned in their time for their likeness; and it is through Holbein's eyes that many famous figures of his day, such as Erasmus and More, are now "seen". Holbein was never content, however, with outward appearance. He embedded layers of symbolism, allusion, and paradox in his art, to the lasting fascination of scholars. In the view of art historian Ellis Waterhouse, his portraiture "remains unsurpassed for sureness and economy of statement, penetration into character, and a combined richness and purity of style".
https://youtu.be/TYhy6BQUPBc
Henry’s Marriages and His Defiance of Rome 642
The Six Wives Of Henry VIII, 5:32
For more information and images about this video please visit http://talesofcuriosity.com/v/HenrysW... is abridged text from our site:
England, Apr 21 1509, Henry VIII became King. He was determined to create a Tudor dynasty.
1. Catherine Of Aragon - 1st Wife
Born: Dec 16 1485
Married: June 11 1509
Divorced/Annulled: 1533
Died: Jan 7 1536
Catherine was born in Madrid, Spain, daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon & Queen Isabella I of Castile. She married Henry's older brother Arthur, Nov 14 1501, but Apr 2 1502 he died of "sweating sickness". Henry VII did not want to return Catherine Of Aragon's dowry, so arranged for her to marry Henry. He was 5 years younger than her. Henry VII, then left it on hold, keeping the dowry.
After Henry VIII was crowned, he married Catherine. Although she bore Henry 6 children, only 1 survived. She would become Queen Mary, known as "Bloody Mary". Henry believed the reason for the lack of a male heir was a cursed marriage as Catherine of Aragon was his brother, Prince Arthur's widow.
After 24 years of marriage, he declared it illegal. Catherine was banished from court dying 2 years later.
2. Anne Boleyn - 2nd Wife
Born: c1500
Married: Jan 1533
Divorced/Annulled: 1536
Executed: May 19 1536
When Henry VIII noticed Anne, her sister was his mistress. Anne was stylish & an accomplished musician. Henry attempted to seduce her, but she rejected him. His solution was to annull his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, & wed Anne. Pope Clement refused to grant this, so Henry broke the church in England away from Rome. He granted his own annulment & married Anne. She gave birth to a girl who would reign as Queen Elizabeth I, followed by 3 miscarriages.
Anne Boleyn had a bad temper, argued with Henry & made enemies at court. Henry became impatient with her behaviour & lack of a male heir. He also wanted to marry Jane Seymour. Henry said he had been seduced into marriage by sorcery. Anne was sent to the Tower of London, accused of adultery & plotting the king's death. Found guilty she was beheaded on Tower Green.
3. Jane Seymour - 3rd Wife
Born: c1509
Married: 30 May 1536
Died: 24 Oct 1537
A day after Anne Boleyn's execution, Henry VIII became engaged to Jane Seymour, who had served in Anne Boleyn's household. They married 10 days later. Jane was very different to Anne Boleyn. She was fair & her household was strictly run.
Oct 12 1537, Jane gave birth to a boy. Henry was overjoyed. He had a male heir! The boy would become King Edward VI, but die aged just 15. Jane died 12 days later from an infection. Henry mourned her death & did not remarry for 3 years. Jane Seymour was Henry VIII's favourite wife. He is buried next to her.
4. Anne of Cleves - 4th Wife
Born: 1515
Married: Jan 6 1540
Divorced: July 1540
Died: July 16 1557
After Henry VIII decided to marry again, Anne of Cleves & her sister Amelia were considered. Hans Holbein the Younger, was sent to Germany to paint them & told to make the paintings realistic. Marriage was agreed, however Anne was not as described, looking old for her age. Henry called her a "Flanders Mare". The feeling was mutual. But the marriage went ahead to preserve England's relations with Germany. After just six months it was annulled.
In gratitude to her consenting to the annulment, Henry gave Anne land & property. They became good friends.
5. Catherine Howard - 5th Wife
Born: c1521
Married: July 28 1540
Executed: February 13 1542
Catherine Howard was a lady-in-waiting to Anne of Cleves. Henry married her a few weeks after his divorce. She was frivolous, a dangerous trait to have being married to Henry VIII. He showered Catherine with expensive gifts. However, he was 30 years older & she found him unattractive beginning an affair with Thomas Culpeper, a favourite of Henry VIII.
Soon news reached Henry. After being shown a love letter, Catherine was charged with treason, adultery & for not informing Henry VIII of affairs she had before the marriage. She was executed aged either 20 or 21.
6. Catherine Parr - 6th Wife
Born: 1512
Married: July 12 1543
Widowed: Jan 28 1547
Died: Sept 5 1548
Catherine, probably the most influential of Henry VIII's wives, worked in the household of his daughter Mary. She was a widow in a relationship with Thomas Seymour (1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley). After Henry VIII proposed, she was obliged to marry him.
Catherine had good relations with all of Henry VIII's children, helping to reconcile him with daughters, Mary & Elizabeth.
July-Sept 1544 Catherine was made regent effectively ruling the country. This was whilst Henry was on his last military campaign. It has been speculated Catherine's character & religious beliefs were a big influence on her stepdaughter Elizabeth I.
Henry VIII was sick & Catherine was more nurse than wife. Henry VIII died Jan 28 1547 & was buried in Windsor next to his third wife, Jane Seymour. Catherine Parr then married Thomas Seymour, but soon died from childbirth complications.
https://youtu.be/Gqs0HBcdc74
Horrible Histories - the execution of Anne Boleyn, 2:01
https://youtu.be/HGMIitqKk6s
A Man for All Seasons - Trial (3 of 3), 3:48
The third part of the trial scene from the 1966 movie "A Man for All Seasons". Thomas More is on trial because he would not take the Oath of Supremacy recognizing Henry VIII as the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, and failure to do so was treated as treason. Roman Catholics such as More had to take the Oath or were tried and usually executed.
"NEVERTHELESS!! It is not for the supremacy that you have sought my blood, but because I would not bend to the marriage!"
https://youtu.be/DX0_FGu8v9A
A Man For All Seasons - Paul Scofield, 1:13
https://youtu.be/5DpkNX2GxRw
Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth: The Continuing Religious Conflict 643
Elizabeth (2/11) Movie CLIP - The Small Question of Religion (1998) HD, 2:41
CLIP DESCRIPTION:
Elizabeth's (Cate Blanchett) faith is questioned along with her loyalty to England.
FILM DESCRIPTION:
This British-made historical drama depicts the rise of young Elizabeth Tudor to Queen of England, a reign of intrigue and betrayals. In 1554, Queen Mary I (Kathy Burke) tries to restore Catholicism as England's single faith. With no heir to the crown, she maneuvers to keep her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth (Cate Blanchett) from succeeding her, but her efforts fail. With Mary dead, Elizabeth is proclaimed Queen of England in November 1558. Elizabeth relishes the return from exile of her childhood sweetheart, Lord Robert Dudley (Joseph Fiennes). Chief adviser Sir William Cecil (Richard Attenborough) urges the young Queen to forget personal matters and instead address the country's pressing problems. England is bankrupt, has no army, and is under serious threat from abroad. Elizabeth even has enemies within her own court, the most dangerous being the Duke of Norfolk (Christopher Eccleston). Hoping for an heir, Cecil suggests marriage candidates -- King Philip II of Spain or the French Duc d'Anjou (Vincent Cassel) -- to secure the realm. Elizabeth agrees to meet their ambassadors, but her true feelings are revealed when she meets Dudley for a secret tryst. French "warrior queen" Mary of Guise (Fanny Ardent) amasses troops at the Scottish border. Elizabeth bows to the pro-War lobby led by Norfolk, despite protests from her Master of Spies, the enigmatic Sir Francis Walsingham (Geoffrey Rush), but the decision to fight leads to a humiliating defeat. As dark clouds of court conspiracies gather, and the possibility of assassination looms, Elizabeth strikes out at her enemies and puts her trust in Walsingham. Shown at 1998 film fests (Venice, Toronto), this is the first English-language film of Indian director Shekhar Kapur, who shot on locations at Northumberland, Derbyshire, North Yorkshire, and at Shepperton Studios.
CREDITS:
TM & © Universal (1998)
Cast: Jamie Foreman, Edward Hardwicke, Cate Blanchett
Director: Shekhar Kapur
Producers: Eric Fellner, Liza Chasin, Debra Hayward, Mary Richards, Alison Owen, Tim Bevan
Screenwriter: Michael Hirst
https://youtu.be/iIUzHUOdLhM
Elizabethan England 646
Elizabethan Era, 7:13
https://youtu.be/aJ1BZMcUBxo
Horrible Histories Terrible Tudors money currency, Elizabeth I's clothing laws, 3:49
https://youtu.be/JDqnbYVtO9E
Elizabeth I and the Arts: Painting and Poetic Forms 647
Music in the Elizabethan Age 650
Great Music from the court of Elizabeth 1 by the Elizabethan Consort.wmv, 4:17
Elizabeth I's court was a great place to be a musician, and opportunities to make music were all around, whether for use in religious services, or for pleasurable moments during entertainment and relaxation. William Byrd was the queen's particular musical favourite, but this did not exclude others such as Morley or Allison from getting a hearing. This album concentrates on the secular rather than the sacred, and, from music in praise of the Queen, and of England, to dance tunes and songs, it presents a selection of many of the types of music which a courtier in late sixteenth century London would have heard and known. (from album description).
https://youtu.be/q_RcMug23po
The Elizabethan Stage 651
Elizabethan Theatre, 7:52
https://youtu.be/z_cTCdkCAcc
Christopher Marlowe: The Legend of Faustus 653
Doctor Faustus - Marlowe - Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, 2:35
Doctor Faustus, restless for knowledge, forsakes scholarship for magic and makes a pact with the Devil: if the veil spirit Mephistopheles will serve him for 24 years, Faustus will yield his soul to the Devil after death.
It isn't long before Faustus has doubts about the bargain, but Mephistopheles has plenty of entertainment at hand to distract Faustus from the terrifying reality of his position and the prospect of its agonizing conclusion.
In Doctor Faustus, the greatest tragedy in English before Shakespeare, Marlowe puts some of the finest poetry ever written for the stage and a good deal of anarchic comedy at the service of a mythic tale illustrating mankind's insatiable desire for knowledge and power.
Featuring Paul Hilton as Faustus and Arthur Darvill as Mephistopheles: 'elegant and intelligent verse speakers' The Times.
https://youtu.be/ILwZmZdk28Y
Robert Leroy Johnson (May 8, 1911 – August 16, 1938) was an American blues singer-songwriter and musician. His landmark recordings in 1936 and 1937 display a combination of singing, guitar skills, and songwriting talent that has influenced later generations of musicians. Johnson's shadowy and poorly documented life and death at age 27 have given rise to much legend, including the Faustian myth that he sold his soul to the devil at a crossroads to achieve success. As an itinerant performer who played mostly on street corners, in juke joints, and at Saturday night dances, Johnson had little commercial success or public recognition in his lifetime.
It was only after the reissue of his recordings in 1961, on the LP King of the Delta Blues Singers, that his work reached a wider audience. Johnson is now recognized as a master of the blues, particularly of the Mississippi Delta blues style. He is credited by many rock musicians as an important influence; Eric Clapton has called Johnson "the most important blues singer that ever lived."[1][2] Johnson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an early Influence in their first induction ceremony in 1986.[3] In 2010, David Fricke ranked Johnson fifth in Rolling Stone′s list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.[4]
Robert Johnson- Crossroad, 2:48
https://youtu.be/Yd60nI4sa9A
William Shakespeare: “The play’s the thing!” 653
Top 5 Facts about Shakespeare, 5:50
https://youtu.be/JZnqU0ypQ-I
The English in Virginia 656
The Roanoke Colonies 656
Jamestown 658
The Colony of Virginia Founded in 1607, 5:47
https://youtu.be/BGi2ukFCzrs
READINGS
19.1 from Desiderius Erasmus, The Adages of Erasmus (1500–33) 638
19.2 from Thomas More, Utopia, Book 2 (1516) 661
19.2a from Thomas More, Utopia, Book 2 (1516) 640
19.3 from William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act 2, Scene 1 (1594) 646
19.4 Elizabeth I, “On Monsieur’s Departure” (1582) 648
19.5 Thomas Wyatt, “List to Hunt” (first published 1557) 649
19.6 William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130 (1609) 649
19.7 William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18 (1609) 649
19.8 Edmund Spenser, Sonnet 75, from the Amoretti (1595) 650
19.9 from William Byrd, Psalms, Sonnets, & Songs (1588) 651
19.10 from Christopher Marlowe, The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, Scene 14 (1604) 653
19.11a from William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 2, Scene 2 (1623) 654
19.11b from William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 1 (1623) 655
19.12 from Thomas Hariot, A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1590) 657
FEATURES
CONTEXT
The Tudor Genealogy 641
The Sonnet 648
CLOSER LOOK Holbein’s The Ambassadors 644
CONTINUITY & CHANGE The New Universe 659
20 The Early Counter- Reformation and Mannerism RESTRAINT AND INVENTION 663
The Counter-Reformation 665
Catholic Counter Reformation Video, 7:29
https://youtu.be/_GB8Pduuu34
The Council of Trent 665
Catholic Reform of the Arts: Palestrina and the Music of the Early Counter-Reformation 665
Michelangelo and the Rise of Mannerism 667
Mannerism in Art: A Matter of Decorum 669
Court Painting: Beyond the Church’s Reach 670
Mannerist Religious Painting 671
The Rise of Women Artists in Northern Italy 674
Mannerist Sculpture: Focus on Individual Genius 676
Inquisition and Innovation 678
Art under the Italian Inquisition: Veronese 678
The Spanish Inquisition 679
The Counter-Reformation and Mannerism United: El Greco in Spain 680
Cervantes and the Picaresque Tradition 680
READINGS
20.1 from Pietro Aretino, Letter to Michelangelo (1545) 669
20.2 from Benvenuto Cellini, Life (1728) 678
20.3 from The Trial of Veronese (1573) 678
20.4 from John of the Cross, The Dark Night of the Soul, “The Dark Night” 683
Dark Night of the Soul: The Mystical Poem of Saint John of the Cross, 2:21
This highly metaphorical poem narrates the journey of the soul from its bodily home to its union with God. The journey is called "The Dark Night" because darkness represents the hardships and difficulties the soul meets in detachment from the world and reaching the light of the union with the Creator.
The Spanish mystic, poet and monk, John of the Cross (1542-1591) wrote some of the most beautiful poetry ever penned in the Spanish language and then authored entire books as commentaries on each stanza.
A chapter on this teaching may be found in "The Journey of the Anointed One," available on Amazon here:
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0983769710/r...
John of the Cross said the following about the dark night: "Even though this blessed night darkens the spirit, it does so only to impart light in all things. And even though it humbles us and reveals our miseries, it does so only to exalt us. And even though it impoverishes us and empties us of all our possessions and natural affections, it does so only that we may reach forward divinely to the enjoyment of everything in heaven and on earth, all the while preserving a general freedom of spirit in them all."
St. John of the Cross offers an extensive commentary on the multi-dimensional meaning of his poem in a classic treatise:
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/john_cross/d...
Practical application of these teachings may be found here:
http://innerworkforspiritualawakening...
20.5 from Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, Part 1, Chapter 8 (1605) 684
FEATURES
CLOSER LOOK Bronzino’s Allegory with Venus and Cupid 672
CONTINUITY & CHANGE The Frenzy of Inspiration 682
REFERENCES
Boney M ~ Rivers of Babylon, 1978, 4:19
https://youtu.be/9ybv4DOj-N0
Herman's Hermits - I'm Henry Vlll I Am, 1:42
https://youtu.be/c4OS17lqHiE
It was only after the reissue of his recordings in 1961, on the LP King of the Delta Blues Singers, that his work reached a wider audience. Johnson is now recognized as a master of the blues, particularly of the Mississippi Delta blues style. He is credited by many rock musicians as an important influence; Eric Clapton has called Johnson "the most important blues singer that ever lived."[1][2] Johnson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an early Influence in their first induction ceremony in 1986.[3] In 2010, David Fricke ranked Johnson fifth in Rolling Stone′s list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.[4]
Robert Johnson- Crossroad, 2:48
https://youtu.be/Yd60nI4sa9A
The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet - The Play's the Thing, 29:05
https://youtu.be/uEWo9pN0TFU
Beyond the Sound Bites
Niall Ferguson holds in own in a BBC debate, 8:11
Niall Ferguson, author of Civilization, will help us examine the role of the West in the revolution in the Arab world - and explain what history can tell us about why certain cultures appear to dominate the world at certain times.
https://youtu.be/wJcHbaNNIM4
